Depends on D18952. Ref T13049. For files larger than 8MB, we need to engage the chunk storage engine. PhabricatorFile::newFromFileData() always writes a single chunk, and can't handle files larger than the mandatory chunk threshold (8MB).
Use IteratorUploadSource, which can, and "stream" the data into it. This should raise the limit from 8MB to 2GB (maximum size of a string in PHP).
If we need to go above 2GB we could stream CSV and text pretty easily, and JSON without too much trouble, but Excel might be trickier. Hopefully no one is trying to export 2GB+ datafiles, though.