Add a linter rule to detect mismatched parameters for formatted strings

Summary: Fixes T7046. Adds a linter rule to detect mismatched parameters for formatted strings. Originally I had considered putting this rule in ArcanistPhutilXHPASTLinter, but I later decided to move it to ArcanistXHPASTLinter as I think that it is general enough to be more widely useful.

Test Plan: This seems to work but needs some polish.

Reviewers: epriestley, Blessed Reviewers

Reviewed By: epriestley, Blessed Reviewers

Subscribers: Korvin, epriestley

Maniphest Tasks: T7046

Differential Revision: https://secure.phabricator.com/D11661