Per the documentation[1], any intermediate chain is to be
appended to the "cert" parameter. The "ca" parameter controls the
root CA used to authenticate the client certificate, if one is
provided, and is not used for intermediate certificate chains -- nor
has it ever been. It is not clear how this could have worked in the
past[2].
[1] https://nodejs.org/api/tls.html#tls_tls_createsecurecontext_options
[2] D15709