Though I don't completely understand the specifics, I do have this issue resolved.

#1146: Table 'phabricator_metamta.metamta_mailinglist' doesn't exist

is an error from MySQL, and not from Phabricator. I believe the problem started when I restored the database from a backup. Rather that using a dump/restore, I rolled back to a previous filesystem snapshot on my database server. That filesystem snapshot contained :

mysql/phabricator_metamta/metamta_mailinglist.frm	
mysql/phabricator_metamta/metamta_mailinglist.ibd

database files. That particular table, however, no longer exists in the current versions of Phabricator. Once I removed those two files from the database server and restarted the MySQL server, the bin/storage upgrade command worked without error.