diff --git a/src/daemon/PhutilDaemon.php b/src/daemon/PhutilDaemon.php
index 6e41d51..4d7afe6 100644
--- a/src/daemon/PhutilDaemon.php
+++ b/src/daemon/PhutilDaemon.php
@@ -1,396 +1,396 @@
 <?php
 
 /**
  * Scaffolding for implementing robust background processing scripts.
  *
  *
  * Autoscaling
  * ===========
  *
  * Autoscaling automatically launches copies of a daemon when it is busy
  * (scaling the pool up) and stops them when they're idle (scaling the pool
  * down). This is appropriate for daemons which perform highly parallelizable
  * work.
  *
  * To make a daemon support autoscaling, the implementation should look
  * something like this:
  *
  *   while (!$this->shouldExit()) {
  *     if (work_available()) {
  *       $this->willBeginWork();
  *       do_work();
  *       $this->sleep(0);
  *     } else {
  *       $this->willBeginIdle();
  *       $this->sleep(1);
  *     }
  *   }
  *
  * In particular, call @{method:willBeginWork} before becoming busy, and
  * @{method:willBeginIdle} when no work is available. If the daemon is launched
  * into an autoscale pool, this will cause the pool to automatically scale up
  * when busy and down when idle.
  *
  * See @{class:PhutilHighIntensityIntervalDaemon} for an example of a simple
  * autoscaling daemon.
  *
  * Launching a daemon which does not make these callbacks into an autoscale
  * pool will have no effect.
  *
  * @task overseer Communicating With the Overseer
  * @task autoscale Autoscaling Daemon Pools
  */
 abstract class PhutilDaemon extends Phobject {
 
   const MESSAGETYPE_STDOUT = 'stdout';
   const MESSAGETYPE_HEARTBEAT = 'heartbeat';
   const MESSAGETYPE_BUSY = 'busy';
   const MESSAGETYPE_IDLE = 'idle';
   const MESSAGETYPE_DOWN = 'down';
 
   const WORKSTATE_BUSY = 'busy';
   const WORKSTATE_IDLE = 'idle';
 
   private $argv;
   private $traceMode;
   private $traceMemory;
   private $verbose;
   private $notifyReceived;
   private $inGracefulShutdown;
   private $workState = null;
   private $idleSince = null;
   private $autoscaleProperties = array();
 
   final public function setVerbose($verbose) {
     $this->verbose = $verbose;
     return $this;
   }
 
   final public function getVerbose() {
     return $this->verbose;
   }
 
   private static $sighandlerInstalled;
 
   final public function __construct(array $argv) {
     declare(ticks = 1);
     $this->argv = $argv;
 
     if (!self::$sighandlerInstalled) {
       self::$sighandlerInstalled = true;
       pcntl_signal(SIGTERM, __CLASS__.'::exitOnSignal');
     }
 
     pcntl_signal(SIGINT,  array($this, 'onGracefulSignal'));
     pcntl_signal(SIGUSR2, array($this, 'onNotifySignal'));
 
     // Without discard mode, this consumes unbounded amounts of memory. Keep
     // memory bounded.
     PhutilServiceProfiler::getInstance()->enableDiscardMode();
 
     $this->beginStdoutCapture();
   }
 
   final public function __destruct() {
     $this->endStdoutCapture();
   }
 
   final public function stillWorking() {
     $this->emitOverseerMessage(self::MESSAGETYPE_HEARTBEAT, null);
 
     if ($this->traceMemory) {
       $daemon = get_class($this);
       fprintf(
         STDERR,
         "<%s> %s %s\n",
         '<RAMS>',
         $daemon,
         pht(
           'Memory Usage: %s KB',
           new PhutilNumber(memory_get_usage() / 1024, 1)));
     }
   }
 
   final public function shouldExit() {
     return $this->inGracefulShutdown;
   }
 
   final protected function sleep($duration) {
     $this->notifyReceived = false;
     $this->willSleep($duration);
     $this->stillWorking();
 
     $is_autoscale = $this->isClonedAutoscaleDaemon();
     $scale_down = $this->getAutoscaleDownDuration();
 
     $max_sleep = 60;
     if ($is_autoscale) {
       $max_sleep = min($max_sleep, $scale_down);
     }
 
     if ($is_autoscale) {
       if ($this->workState == self::WORKSTATE_IDLE) {
         $dur = (time() - $this->idleSince);
         $this->log(pht('Idle for %s seconds.', $dur));
       }
     }
 
     while ($duration > 0 &&
       !$this->notifyReceived &&
       !$this->shouldExit()) {
 
       // If this is an autoscaling clone and we've been idle for too long,
       // we're going to scale the pool down by exiting and not restarting. The
       // DOWN message tells the overseer that we don't want to be restarted.
       if ($is_autoscale) {
         if ($this->workState == self::WORKSTATE_IDLE) {
           if ($this->idleSince && ($this->idleSince + $scale_down < time())) {
             $this->inGracefulShutdown = true;
             $this->emitOverseerMessage(self::MESSAGETYPE_DOWN, null);
             $this->log(
               pht(
-                'Daemon was idle for more than %s seconds, scaling pool '.
-                'down.',
-                $scale_down));
+                'Daemon was idle for more than %s second(s), '.
+                'scaling pool down.',
+                new PhutilNumber($scale_down)));
             break;
           }
         }
       }
 
       sleep(min($duration, $max_sleep));
       $duration -= $max_sleep;
       $this->stillWorking();
     }
   }
 
   protected function willSleep($duration) {
     return;
   }
 
   public static function exitOnSignal($signo) {
     // Normally, PHP doesn't invoke destructors when existing in response to
     // a signal. This forces it to do so, so we have a fighting chance of
     // releasing any locks, leases or resources on our way out.
     exit(128 + $signo);
   }
 
   final protected function getArgv() {
     return $this->argv;
   }
 
   final public function execute() {
     $this->willRun();
     $this->run();
   }
 
   abstract protected function run();
 
   final public function setTraceMemory() {
     $this->traceMemory = true;
     return $this;
   }
 
   final public function getTraceMemory() {
     return $this->traceMemory;
   }
 
   final public function setTraceMode() {
     $this->traceMode = true;
     PhutilServiceProfiler::installEchoListener();
     PhutilConsole::getConsole()->getServer()->setEnableLog(true);
     $this->didSetTraceMode();
     return $this;
   }
 
   final public function getTraceMode() {
     return $this->traceMode;
   }
 
   final public function onGracefulSignal($signo) {
     $this->inGracefulShutdown = true;
   }
 
   final public function onNotifySignal($signo) {
     $this->notifyReceived = true;
     $this->onNotify($signo);
   }
 
   protected function onNotify($signo) {
     // This is a hook for subclasses.
   }
 
   protected function willRun() {
     // This is a hook for subclasses.
   }
 
   protected function didSetTraceMode() {
     // This is a hook for subclasses.
   }
 
   final protected function log($message) {
     if ($this->verbose) {
       $daemon = get_class($this);
       fprintf(STDERR, "<%s> %s %s\n", '<VERB>', $daemon, $message);
     }
   }
 
 
 /* -(  Communicating With the Overseer  )------------------------------------ */
 
 
   private function beginStdoutCapture() {
     ob_start(array($this, 'didReceiveStdout'), 2);
   }
 
   private function endStdoutCapture() {
     ob_end_flush();
   }
 
   public function didReceiveStdout($data) {
     if (!strlen($data)) {
       return '';
     }
     return $this->encodeOverseerMessage(self::MESSAGETYPE_STDOUT, $data);
   }
 
   private function encodeOverseerMessage($type, $data) {
     $structure = array($type);
 
     if ($data !== null) {
       $structure[] = $data;
     }
 
     return json_encode($structure)."\n";
   }
 
   private function emitOverseerMessage($type, $data) {
     $this->endStdoutCapture();
     echo $this->encodeOverseerMessage($type, $data);
     $this->beginStdoutCapture();
   }
 
   public static function errorListener($event, $value, array $metadata) {
     // If the caller has redirected the error log to a file, PHP won't output
     // messages to stderr, so the overseer can't capture them. Install a
     // listener which just  echoes errors to stderr, so the overseer is always
     // aware of errors.
 
     $console = PhutilConsole::getConsole();
     $message = idx($metadata, 'default_message');
 
     if ($message) {
       $console->writeErr("%s\n", $message);
     }
     if (idx($metadata, 'trace')) {
       $trace = PhutilErrorHandler::formatStacktrace($metadata['trace']);
       $console->writeErr("%s\n", $trace);
     }
   }
 
 
 /* -(  Autoscaling  )-------------------------------------------------------- */
 
 
   /**
    * Prepare to become busy. This may autoscale the pool up.
    *
    * This notifies the overseer that the daemon has become busy. If daemons
    * that are part of an autoscale pool are continuously busy for a prolonged
    * period of time, the overseer may scale up the pool.
    *
    * @return this
    * @task autoscale
    */
   protected function willBeginWork() {
     if ($this->workState != self::WORKSTATE_BUSY) {
       $this->workState = self::WORKSTATE_BUSY;
       $this->idleSince = null;
       $this->emitOverseerMessage(self::MESSAGETYPE_BUSY, null);
     }
 
     return $this;
   }
 
 
   /**
    * Prepare to idle. This may autoscale the pool down.
    *
    * This notifies the overseer that the daemon is no longer busy. If daemons
    * that are part of an autoscale pool are idle for a prolonged period of time,
    * they may exit to scale the pool down.
    *
    * @return this
    * @task autoscale
    */
   protected function willBeginIdle() {
     if ($this->workState != self::WORKSTATE_IDLE) {
       $this->workState = self::WORKSTATE_IDLE;
       $this->idleSince = time();
       $this->emitOverseerMessage(self::MESSAGETYPE_IDLE, null);
     }
 
     return $this;
   }
 
 
   /**
    * Determine if this is a clone or the original daemon.
    *
    * @return bool True if this is an cloned autoscaling daemon.
    * @task autoscale
    */
   private function isClonedAutoscaleDaemon() {
     return (bool)$this->getAutoscaleProperty('clone', false);
   }
 
 
   /**
    * Get the duration (in seconds) which a daemon must be continuously idle
    * for before it should exit to scale the pool down.
    *
    * @return int Duration, in seconds.
    * @task autoscale
    */
   private function getAutoscaleDownDuration() {
     return $this->getAutoscaleProperty('down', 15);
   }
 
 
   /**
    * Configure autoscaling for this daemon.
    *
    * @param map<string, wild> Map of autoscale properties.
    * @return this
    * @task autoscale
    */
   public function setAutoscaleProperties(array $autoscale_properties) {
     PhutilTypeSpec::checkMap(
       $autoscale_properties,
       array(
         'group' => 'optional string',
         'up' => 'optional int',
         'down' => 'optional int',
         'pool' => 'optional int',
         'clone' => 'optional bool',
         'reserve' => 'optional int|float',
       ));
 
     $this->autoscaleProperties = $autoscale_properties;
 
     return $this;
   }
 
 
   /**
    * Read autoscaling configuration for this daemon.
    *
    * @param string Property to read.
    * @param wild Default value to return if the property is not set.
    * @return wild Property value, or `$default` if one is not set.
    * @task autoscale
    */
   private function getAutoscaleProperty($key, $default = null) {
     return idx($this->autoscaleProperties, $key, $default);
   }
 
 }
diff --git a/src/filesystem/Filesystem.php b/src/filesystem/Filesystem.php
index 759423e..0abd41e 100644
--- a/src/filesystem/Filesystem.php
+++ b/src/filesystem/Filesystem.php
@@ -1,1104 +1,1104 @@
 <?php
 
 /**
  * Simple wrapper class for common filesystem tasks like reading and writing
  * files. When things go wrong, this class throws detailed exceptions with
  * good information about what didn't work.
  *
  * Filesystem will resolve relative paths against PWD from the environment.
  * When Filesystem is unable to complete an operation, it throws a
  * FilesystemException.
  *
  * @task directory   Directories
  * @task file        Files
  * @task path        Paths
  * @task exec        Executables
  * @task assert      Assertions
  */
 final class Filesystem extends Phobject {
 
 
 /* -(  Files  )-------------------------------------------------------------- */
 
 
   /**
    * Read a file in a manner similar to file_get_contents(), but throw detailed
    * exceptions on failure.
    *
    * @param  string  File path to read. This file must exist and be readable,
    *                 or an exception will be thrown.
    * @return string  Contents of the specified file.
    *
    * @task   file
    */
   public static function readFile($path) {
     $path = self::resolvePath($path);
 
     self::assertExists($path);
     self::assertIsFile($path);
     self::assertReadable($path);
 
     $data = @file_get_contents($path);
     if ($data === false) {
       throw new FilesystemException(
         $path,
-        pht("Failed to read file `%s'.", $path));
+        pht("Failed to read file '%s'.", $path));
     }
 
     return $data;
   }
 
   /**
    * Make assertions about the state of path in preparation for
    * writeFile() and writeFileIfChanged().
    */
   private static function assertWritableFile($path) {
     $path = self::resolvePath($path);
     $dir = dirname($path);
 
     self::assertExists($dir);
     self::assertIsDirectory($dir);
 
     // File either needs to not exist and have a writable parent, or be
     // writable itself.
     $exists = true;
     try {
       self::assertNotExists($path);
       $exists = false;
     } catch (Exception $ex) {
       self::assertWritable($path);
     }
 
     if (!$exists) {
       self::assertWritable($dir);
     }
   }
 
   /**
    * Write a file in a manner similar to file_put_contents(), but throw
    * detailed exceptions on failure. If the file already exists, it will be
    * overwritten.
    *
    * @param  string  File path to write. This file must be writable and its
    *                 parent directory must exist.
    * @param  string  Data to write.
    *
    * @task   file
    */
   public static function writeFile($path, $data) {
     self::assertWritableFile($path);
 
     if (@file_put_contents($path, $data) === false) {
       throw new FilesystemException(
         $path,
-        pht("Failed to write file `%s'.", $path));
+        pht("Failed to write file '%s'.", $path));
     }
   }
 
   /**
    * Write a file in a manner similar to `file_put_contents()`, but only touch
    * the file if the contents are different, and throw detailed exceptions on
    * failure.
    *
    * As this function is used in build steps to update code, if we write a new
    * file, we do so by writing to a temporary file and moving it into place.
    * This allows a concurrently reading process to see a consistent view of the
    * file without needing locking; any given read of the file is guaranteed to
    * be self-consistent and not see partial file contents.
    *
    * @param string file path to write
    * @param string data to write
    *
    * @return boolean indicating whether the file was changed by this function.
    */
   public static function writeFileIfChanged($path, $data) {
     if (file_exists($path)) {
       $current = self::readFile($path);
       if ($current === $data) {
         return false;
       }
     }
     self::assertWritableFile($path);
 
     // Create the temporary file alongside the intended destination,
     // as this ensures that the rename() will be atomic (on the same fs)
     $dir = dirname($path);
     $temp = tempnam($dir, 'GEN');
     if (!$temp) {
       throw new FilesystemException(
         $dir,
         pht('Unable to create temporary file in %s.', $dir));
     }
     try {
       self::writeFile($temp, $data);
       // tempnam will always restrict ownership to us, broaden
       // it so that these files respect the actual umask
       self::changePermissions($temp, 0666 & ~umask());
       // This will appear atomic to concurrent readers
       $ok = rename($temp, $path);
       if (!$ok) {
         throw new FilesystemException(
           $path,
           pht('Unable to move %s to %s.', $temp, $path));
       }
     } catch (Exception $e) {
       // Make best effort to remove temp file
       unlink($temp);
       throw $e;
     }
     return true;
   }
 
 
   /**
    * Write data to unique file, without overwriting existing files. This is
    * useful if you want to write a ".bak" file or something similar, but want
    * to make sure you don't overwrite something already on disk.
    *
    * This function will add a number to the filename if the base name already
    * exists, e.g. "example.bak", "example.bak.1", "example.bak.2", etc. (Don't
    * rely on this exact behavior, of course.)
    *
    * @param   string  Suggested filename, like "example.bak". This name will
    *                  be used if it does not exist, or some similar name will
    *                  be chosen if it does.
    * @param   string  Data to write to the file.
    * @return  string  Path to a newly created and written file which did not
    *                  previously exist, like "example.bak.3".
    * @task file
    */
   public static function writeUniqueFile($base, $data) {
     $full_path = self::resolvePath($base);
     $sequence = 0;
     assert_stringlike($data);
     // Try 'file', 'file.1', 'file.2', etc., until something doesn't exist.
 
     while (true) {
       $try_path = $full_path;
       if ($sequence) {
         $try_path .= '.'.$sequence;
       }
 
       $handle = @fopen($try_path, 'x');
       if ($handle) {
         $ok = fwrite($handle, $data);
         if ($ok === false) {
           throw new FilesystemException(
             $try_path,
             pht('Failed to write file data.'));
         }
 
         $ok = fclose($handle);
         if (!$ok) {
           throw new FilesystemException(
             $try_path,
             pht('Failed to close file handle.'));
         }
 
         return $try_path;
       }
 
       $sequence++;
     }
   }
 
 
   /**
    * Append to a file without having to deal with file handles, with
    * detailed exceptions on failure.
    *
    * @param  string  File path to write. This file must be writable or its
    *                 parent directory must exist and be writable.
    * @param  string  Data to write.
    *
    * @task   file
    */
   public static function appendFile($path, $data) {
     $path = self::resolvePath($path);
 
     // Use self::writeFile() if the file doesn't already exist
     try {
       self::assertExists($path);
     } catch (FilesystemException $ex) {
       self::writeFile($path, $data);
       return;
     }
 
     // File needs to exist or the directory needs to be writable
     $dir = dirname($path);
     self::assertExists($dir);
     self::assertIsDirectory($dir);
     self::assertWritable($dir);
     assert_stringlike($data);
 
     if (($fh = fopen($path, 'a')) === false) {
       throw new FilesystemException(
         $path,
-        pht("Failed to open file `%s'.", $path));
+        pht("Failed to open file '%s'.", $path));
     }
     $dlen = strlen($data);
     if (fwrite($fh, $data) !== $dlen) {
       throw new FilesystemException(
         $path,
-        pht("Failed to write %d bytes to `%s'.", $dlen, $path));
+        pht("Failed to write %d bytes to '%s'.", $dlen, $path));
     }
     if (!fflush($fh) || !fclose($fh)) {
       throw new FilesystemException(
         $path,
-        pht("Failed closing file `%s' after write.", $path));
+        pht("Failed closing file '%s' after write.", $path));
     }
   }
 
 
   /**
    * Remove a file or directory.
    *
    * @param  string    File to a path or directory to remove.
    * @return void
    *
    * @task   file
    */
   public static function remove($path) {
     if (!strlen($path)) {
       // Avoid removing PWD.
       throw new Exception(
         pht(
           'No path provided to %s.',
           __FUNCTION__.'()'));
     }
 
     $path = self::resolvePath($path);
 
     if (!file_exists($path)) {
       return;
     }
 
     self::executeRemovePath($path);
   }
 
   /**
    * Rename a file or directory.
    *
    * @param string    Old path.
    * @param string    New path.
    *
    * @task file
    */
   public static function rename($old, $new) {
     $old = self::resolvePath($old);
     $new = self::resolvePath($new);
 
     self::assertExists($old);
 
     $ok = rename($old, $new);
     if (!$ok) {
       throw new FilesystemException(
         $new,
         pht("Failed to rename '%s' to '%s'!", $old, $new));
     }
   }
 
 
   /**
    * Internal. Recursively remove a file or an entire directory. Implements
    * the core function of @{method:remove} in a way that works on Windows.
    *
    * @param  string    File to a path or directory to remove.
    * @return void
    *
    * @task file
    */
   private static function executeRemovePath($path) {
     if (is_dir($path) && !is_link($path)) {
       foreach (self::listDirectory($path, true) as $child) {
         self::executeRemovePath($path.DIRECTORY_SEPARATOR.$child);
       }
       $ok = rmdir($path);
       if (!$ok) {
          throw new FilesystemException(
           $path,
           pht("Failed to remove directory '%s'!", $path));
       }
     } else {
       $ok = unlink($path);
       if (!$ok) {
         throw new FilesystemException(
           $path,
           pht("Failed to remove file '%s'!", $path));
       }
     }
   }
 
 
   /**
    * Change the permissions of a file or directory.
    *
    * @param  string    Path to the file or directory.
    * @param  int       Permission umask. Note that umask is in octal, so you
    *                   should specify it as, e.g., `0777', not `777'.
    * @return void
    *
    * @task   file
    */
   public static function changePermissions($path, $umask) {
     $path = self::resolvePath($path);
 
     self::assertExists($path);
 
     if (!@chmod($path, $umask)) {
       $readable_umask = sprintf('%04o', $umask);
       throw new FilesystemException(
         $path,
-        pht("Failed to chmod `%s' to `%s'.", $path, $readable_umask));
+        pht("Failed to chmod '%s' to '%s'.", $path, $readable_umask));
     }
   }
 
 
   /**
    * Get the last modified time of a file
    *
    * @param string Path to file
    * @return Time last modified
    *
    * @task file
    */
   public static function getModifiedTime($path) {
     $path = self::resolvePath($path);
     self::assertExists($path);
     self::assertIsFile($path);
     self::assertReadable($path);
 
     $modified_time = @filemtime($path);
 
     if ($modified_time === false) {
       throw new FilesystemException(
         $path,
         pht('Failed to read modified time for %s.', $path));
     }
 
     return $modified_time;
   }
 
 
   /**
    * Read random bytes from /dev/urandom or equivalent. See also
    * @{method:readRandomCharacters}.
    *
    * @param   int     Number of bytes to read.
    * @return  string  Random bytestring of the provided length.
    *
    * @task file
    */
   public static function readRandomBytes($number_of_bytes) {
     $number_of_bytes = (int)$number_of_bytes;
     if ($number_of_bytes < 1) {
       throw new Exception(pht('You must generate at least 1 byte of entropy.'));
     }
 
     // Try to use `openssl_random_pseudo_bytes()` if it's available. This source
     // is the most widely available source, and works on Windows/Linux/OSX/etc.
 
     if (function_exists('openssl_random_pseudo_bytes')) {
       $strong = true;
       $data = openssl_random_pseudo_bytes($number_of_bytes, $strong);
 
       if (!$strong) {
         // NOTE: This indicates we're using a weak random source. This is
         // probably OK, but maybe we should be more strict here.
       }
 
       if ($data === false) {
         throw new Exception(
           pht(
             '%s failed to generate entropy!',
             'openssl_random_pseudo_bytes()'));
       }
 
       if (strlen($data) != $number_of_bytes) {
         throw new Exception(
           pht(
-            '%s returned an unexpected number of bytes (got %d, expected %d)!',
+            '%s returned an unexpected number of bytes (got %s, expected %s)!',
             'openssl_random_pseudo_bytes()',
-            strlen($data),
-            $number_of_bytes));
+            new PhutilNumber(strlen($data)),
+            new PhutilNumber($number_of_bytes)));
       }
 
       return $data;
     }
 
 
     // Try to use `/dev/urandom` if it's available. This is usually available
     // on non-Windows systems, but some PHP config (open_basedir) and chrooting
     // may limit our access to it.
 
     $urandom = @fopen('/dev/urandom', 'rb');
     if ($urandom) {
       $data = @fread($urandom, $number_of_bytes);
       @fclose($urandom);
       if (strlen($data) != $number_of_bytes) {
         throw new FilesystemException(
           '/dev/urandom',
           pht('Failed to read random bytes!'));
       }
       return $data;
     }
 
     // (We might be able to try to generate entropy here from a weaker source
     // if neither of the above sources panned out, see some discussion in
     // T4153.)
 
     // We've failed to find any valid entropy source. Try to fail in the most
     // useful way we can, based on the platform.
 
     if (phutil_is_windows()) {
       throw new Exception(
         pht(
           '%s requires the PHP OpenSSL extension to be installed and enabled '.
           'to access an entropy source. On Windows, this extension is usually '.
           'installed but not enabled by default. Enable it in your "s".',
           __METHOD__.'()',
           'php.ini'));
     }
 
     throw new Exception(
       pht(
         '%s requires the PHP OpenSSL extension or access to "%s". Install or '.
         'enable the OpenSSL extension, or make sure "%s" is accessible.',
         __METHOD__.'()',
         '/dev/urandom',
         '/dev/urandom'));
   }
 
 
   /**
    * Read random alphanumeric characters from /dev/urandom or equivalent. This
    * method operates like @{method:readRandomBytes} but produces alphanumeric
    * output (a-z, 0-9) so it's appropriate for use in URIs and other contexts
    * where it needs to be human readable.
    *
    * @param   int     Number of characters to read.
    * @return  string  Random character string of the provided length.
    *
    * @task file
    */
   public static function readRandomCharacters($number_of_characters) {
 
     // NOTE: To produce the character string, we generate a random byte string
     // of the same length, select the high 5 bits from each byte, and
     // map that to 32 alphanumeric characters. This could be improved (we
     // could improve entropy per character with base-62, and some entropy
     // sources might be less entropic if we discard the low bits) but for
     // reasonable cases where we have a good entropy source and are just
     // generating some kind of human-readable secret this should be more than
     // sufficient and is vastly simpler than trying to do bit fiddling.
 
     $map = array_merge(range('a', 'z'), range('2', '7'));
 
     $result = '';
     $bytes = self::readRandomBytes($number_of_characters);
     for ($ii = 0; $ii < $number_of_characters; $ii++) {
       $result .= $map[ord($bytes[$ii]) >> 3];
     }
 
     return $result;
   }
 
 
   /**
    * Identify the MIME type of a file. This returns only the MIME type (like
    * text/plain), not the encoding (like charset=utf-8).
    *
    * @param string Path to the file to examine.
    * @param string Optional default mime type to return if the file's mime
    *               type can not be identified.
    * @return string File mime type.
    *
    * @task file
    *
    * @phutil-external-symbol function mime_content_type
    * @phutil-external-symbol function finfo_open
    * @phutil-external-symbol function finfo_file
    */
   public static function getMimeType(
     $path,
     $default = 'application/octet-stream') {
 
     $path = self::resolvePath($path);
 
     self::assertExists($path);
     self::assertIsFile($path);
     self::assertReadable($path);
 
     $mime_type = null;
 
     // Fileinfo is the best approach since it doesn't rely on `file`, but
     // it isn't builtin for older versions of PHP.
 
     if (function_exists('finfo_open')) {
       $finfo = finfo_open(FILEINFO_MIME);
       if ($finfo) {
         $result = finfo_file($finfo, $path);
         if ($result !== false) {
           $mime_type = $result;
         }
       }
     }
 
     // If we failed Fileinfo, try `file`. This works well but not all systems
     // have the binary.
 
     if ($mime_type === null) {
       list($err, $stdout) = exec_manual(
         'file --brief --mime %s',
         $path);
       if (!$err) {
         $mime_type = trim($stdout);
       }
     }
 
     // If we didn't get anywhere, try the deprecated mime_content_type()
     // function.
 
     if ($mime_type === null) {
       if (function_exists('mime_content_type')) {
         $result = mime_content_type($path);
         if ($result !== false) {
           $mime_type = $result;
         }
       }
     }
 
     // If we come back with an encoding, strip it off.
     if (strpos($mime_type, ';') !== false) {
       list($type, $encoding) = explode(';', $mime_type, 2);
       $mime_type = $type;
     }
 
     if ($mime_type === null) {
       $mime_type = $default;
     }
 
     return $mime_type;
   }
 
 
 /* -(  Directories  )-------------------------------------------------------- */
 
 
   /**
    * Create a directory in a manner similar to mkdir(), but throw detailed
    * exceptions on failure.
    *
    * @param  string    Path to directory. The parent directory must exist and
    *                   be writable.
    * @param  int       Permission umask. Note that umask is in octal, so you
    *                   should specify it as, e.g., `0777', not `777'.
    * @param  boolean   Recursively create directories. Default to false.
    * @return string    Path to the created directory.
    *
    * @task   directory
    */
   public static function createDirectory(
     $path,
     $umask = 0755,
     $recursive = false) {
 
     $path = self::resolvePath($path);
 
     if (is_dir($path)) {
       if ($umask) {
         self::changePermissions($path, $umask);
       }
       return $path;
     }
 
     $dir = dirname($path);
     if ($recursive && !file_exists($dir)) {
       // Note: We could do this with the recursive third parameter of mkdir(),
       // but then we loose the helpful FilesystemExceptions we normally get.
       self::createDirectory($dir, $umask, true);
     }
 
     self::assertIsDirectory($dir);
     self::assertExists($dir);
     self::assertWritable($dir);
     self::assertNotExists($path);
 
     if (!mkdir($path, $umask)) {
       throw new FilesystemException(
         $path,
-        pht("Failed to create directory `%s'.", $path));
+        pht("Failed to create directory '%s'.", $path));
     }
 
     // Need to change permissions explicitly because mkdir does something
     // slightly different. mkdir(2) man page:
     // 'The parameter mode specifies the permissions to use. It is modified by
     // the process's umask in the usual way: the permissions of the created
     // directory are (mode & ~umask & 0777)."'
     if ($umask) {
       self::changePermissions($path, $umask);
     }
 
     return $path;
   }
 
 
   /**
    * Create a temporary directory and return the path to it. You are
    * responsible for removing it (e.g., with Filesystem::remove())
    * when you are done with it.
    *
    * @param  string    Optional directory prefix.
    * @param  int       Permissions to create the directory with. By default,
    *                   these permissions are very restrictive (0700).
    * @return string    Path to newly created temporary directory.
    *
    * @task   directory
    */
   public static function createTemporaryDirectory($prefix = '', $umask = 0700) {
     $prefix = preg_replace('/[^A-Z0-9._-]+/i', '', $prefix);
 
     $tmp = sys_get_temp_dir();
     if (!$tmp) {
       throw new FilesystemException(
         $tmp,
         pht('Unable to determine system temporary directory.'));
     }
 
     $base = $tmp.DIRECTORY_SEPARATOR.$prefix;
 
     $tries = 3;
     do {
       $dir = $base.substr(base_convert(md5(mt_rand()), 16, 36), 0, 16);
       try {
         self::createDirectory($dir, $umask);
         break;
       } catch (FilesystemException $ex) {
         // Ignore.
       }
     } while (--$tries);
 
     if (!$tries) {
       $df = disk_free_space($tmp);
       if ($df !== false && $df < 1024 * 1024) {
         throw new FilesystemException(
           $dir,
           pht('Failed to create a temporary directory: the disk is full.'));
       }
 
       throw new FilesystemException(
         $dir,
         pht("Failed to create a temporary directory in '%s'.", $tmp));
     }
 
     return $dir;
   }
 
 
   /**
    * List files in a directory.
    *
    * @param  string    Path, absolute or relative to PWD.
    * @param  bool      If false, exclude files beginning with a ".".
    *
    * @return array     List of files and directories in the specified
    *                   directory, excluding `.' and `..'.
    *
    * @task   directory
    */
   public static function listDirectory($path, $include_hidden = true) {
     $path = self::resolvePath($path);
 
     self::assertExists($path);
     self::assertIsDirectory($path);
     self::assertReadable($path);
 
     $list = @scandir($path);
     if ($list === false) {
       throw new FilesystemException(
         $path,
-        pht("Unable to list contents of directory `%s'.", $path));
+        pht("Unable to list contents of directory '%s'.", $path));
     }
 
     foreach ($list as $k => $v) {
       if ($v == '.' || $v == '..' || (!$include_hidden && $v[0] == '.')) {
         unset($list[$k]);
       }
     }
 
     return array_values($list);
   }
 
 
   /**
    * Return all directories between a path and the specified root directory
    * (defaulting to "/"). Iterating over them walks from the path to the root.
    *
    * @param  string        Path, absolute or relative to PWD.
    * @param  string        The root directory.
    * @return list<string>  List of parent paths, including the provided path.
    * @task   directory
    */
   public static function walkToRoot($path, $root = '/') {
     $path = self::resolvePath($path);
     $root = self::resolvePath($root);
 
     if (is_link($path)) {
       $path = realpath($path);
     }
     if (is_link($root)) {
       $root = realpath($root);
     }
 
     // NOTE: We don't use `isDescendant()` here because we don't want to reject
     // paths which don't exist on disk.
     $root_list = new FileList(array($root));
     if (!$root_list->contains($path)) {
       return array();
     }
 
     $walk = array();
     $parts = explode(DIRECTORY_SEPARATOR, $path);
     foreach ($parts as $k => $part) {
       if (!strlen($part)) {
         unset($parts[$k]);
       }
     }
 
     while (true) {
       if (phutil_is_windows()) {
         $next = implode(DIRECTORY_SEPARATOR, $parts);
       } else {
         $next = DIRECTORY_SEPARATOR.implode(DIRECTORY_SEPARATOR, $parts);
       }
 
       $walk[] = $next;
       if ($next == $root) {
         break;
       }
 
       if (!$parts) {
         break;
       }
 
       array_pop($parts);
     }
 
     return $walk;
   }
 
 
 /* -(  Paths  )-------------------------------------------------------------- */
 
 
   /**
    * Checks if a path is specified as an absolute path.
    *
    * @param  string
    * @return bool
    */
   public static function isAbsolutePath($path) {
     if (phutil_is_windows()) {
       return (bool)preg_match('/^[A-Za-z]+:/', $path);
     } else {
       return !strncmp($path, DIRECTORY_SEPARATOR, 1);
     }
   }
 
   /**
    * Canonicalize a path by resolving it relative to some directory (by
    * default PWD), following parent symlinks and removing artifacts. If the
    * path is itself a symlink it is left unresolved.
    *
    * @param  string    Path, absolute or relative to PWD.
    * @return string    Canonical, absolute path.
    *
    * @task   path
    */
   public static function resolvePath($path, $relative_to = null) {
     $is_absolute = self::isAbsolutePath($path);
 
     if (!$is_absolute) {
       if (!$relative_to) {
         $relative_to = getcwd();
       }
       $path = $relative_to.DIRECTORY_SEPARATOR.$path;
     }
 
     if (is_link($path)) {
       $parent_realpath = realpath(dirname($path));
       if ($parent_realpath !== false) {
         return $parent_realpath.DIRECTORY_SEPARATOR.basename($path);
       }
     }
 
     $realpath = realpath($path);
     if ($realpath !== false) {
       return $realpath;
     }
 
 
     // This won't work if the file doesn't exist or is on an unreadable mount
     // or something crazy like that. Try to resolve a parent so we at least
     // cover the nonexistent file case.
     $parts = explode(DIRECTORY_SEPARATOR, trim($path, DIRECTORY_SEPARATOR));
     while (end($parts) !== false) {
       array_pop($parts);
       if (phutil_is_windows()) {
         $attempt = implode(DIRECTORY_SEPARATOR, $parts);
       } else {
         $attempt = DIRECTORY_SEPARATOR.implode(DIRECTORY_SEPARATOR, $parts);
       }
       $realpath = realpath($attempt);
       if ($realpath !== false) {
         $path = $realpath.substr($path, strlen($attempt));
         break;
       }
     }
 
     return $path;
   }
 
   /**
    * Test whether a path is descendant from some root path after resolving all
    * symlinks and removing artifacts. Both paths must exists for the relation
    * to obtain. A path is always a descendant of itself as long as it exists.
    *
    * @param  string   Child path, absolute or relative to PWD.
    * @param  string   Root path, absolute or relative to PWD.
    * @return bool     True if resolved child path is in fact a descendant of
    *                  resolved root path and both exist.
    * @task   path
    */
   public static function isDescendant($path, $root) {
     try {
       self::assertExists($path);
       self::assertExists($root);
     } catch (FilesystemException $e) {
       return false;
     }
     $fs = new FileList(array($root));
     return $fs->contains($path);
   }
 
   /**
    * Convert a canonical path to its most human-readable format. It is
    * guaranteed that you can use resolvePath() to restore a path to its
    * canonical format.
    *
    * @param  string    Path, absolute or relative to PWD.
    * @param  string    Optionally, working directory to make files readable
    *                   relative to.
    * @return string    Human-readable path.
    *
    * @task   path
    */
   public static function readablePath($path, $pwd = null) {
     if ($pwd === null) {
       $pwd = getcwd();
     }
 
     foreach (array($pwd, self::resolvePath($pwd)) as $parent) {
       $parent = rtrim($parent, DIRECTORY_SEPARATOR).DIRECTORY_SEPARATOR;
       $len = strlen($parent);
       if (!strncmp($parent, $path, $len)) {
         $path = substr($path, $len);
         return $path;
       }
     }
 
     return $path;
   }
 
   /**
    * Determine whether or not a path exists in the filesystem. This differs from
    * file_exists() in that it returns true for symlinks. This method does not
    * attempt to resolve paths before testing them.
    *
    * @param   string  Test for the existence of this path.
    * @return  bool    True if the path exists in the filesystem.
    * @task    path
    */
   public static function pathExists($path) {
     return file_exists($path) || is_link($path);
   }
 
 
   /**
    * Determine if an executable binary (like `git` or `svn`) exists within
    * the configured `$PATH`.
    *
    * @param   string  Binary name, like `'git'` or `'svn'`.
    * @return  bool    True if the binary exists and is executable.
    * @task    exec
    */
   public static function binaryExists($binary) {
     return self::resolveBinary($binary) !== null;
   }
 
 
   /**
    * Locates the full path that an executable binary (like `git` or `svn`) is at
    * the configured `$PATH`.
    *
    * @param   string  Binary name, like `'git'` or `'svn'`.
    * @return  string  The full binary path if it is present, or null.
    * @task    exec
    */
   public static function resolveBinary($binary) {
     if (phutil_is_windows()) {
       list($err, $stdout) = exec_manual('where %s', $binary);
       $stdout = phutil_split_lines($stdout);
 
       // If `where %s` could not find anything, check for relative binary
       if ($err) {
         $path = self::resolvePath($binary);
         if (self::pathExists($path)) {
           return $path;
         }
         return null;
       }
       $stdout = head($stdout);
     } else {
       list($err, $stdout) = exec_manual('which %s', $binary);
     }
 
     return $err === 0 ? trim($stdout) : null;
   }
 
 
   /**
    * Determine if two paths are equivalent by resolving symlinks. This is
    * different from resolving both paths and comparing them because
    * resolvePath() only resolves symlinks in parent directories, not the
    * path itself.
    *
    * @param string First path to test for equivalence.
    * @param string Second path to test for equivalence.
    * @return bool  True if both paths are equivalent, i.e. reference the same
    *               entity in the filesystem.
    * @task path
    */
   public static function pathsAreEquivalent($u, $v) {
     $u = self::resolvePath($u);
     $v = self::resolvePath($v);
 
     $real_u = realpath($u);
     $real_v = realpath($v);
 
     if ($real_u) {
       $u = $real_u;
     }
     if ($real_v) {
       $v = $real_v;
     }
     return ($u == $v);
   }
 
 
 /* -(  Assert  )------------------------------------------------------------- */
 
 
   /**
    * Assert that something (e.g., a file, directory, or symlink) exists at a
    * specified location.
    *
    * @param  string    Assert that this path exists.
    * @return void
    *
    * @task   assert
    */
   public static function assertExists($path) {
     if (!self::pathExists($path)) {
       throw new FilesystemException(
         $path,
-        pht("File system entity `%s' does not exist.", $path));
+        pht("File system entity '%s' does not exist.", $path));
     }
   }
 
 
   /**
    * Assert that nothing exists at a specified location.
    *
    * @param  string    Assert that this path does not exist.
    * @return void
    *
    * @task   assert
    */
   public static function assertNotExists($path) {
     if (file_exists($path) || is_link($path)) {
       throw new FilesystemException(
         $path,
-        pht("Path `%s' already exists!", $path));
+        pht("Path '%s' already exists!", $path));
     }
   }
 
 
   /**
    * Assert that a path represents a file, strictly (i.e., not a directory).
    *
    * @param  string    Assert that this path is a file.
    * @return void
    *
    * @task   assert
    */
   public static function assertIsFile($path) {
     if (!is_file($path)) {
       throw new FilesystemException(
         $path,
-        pht("Requested path `%s' is not a file.", $path));
+        pht("Requested path '%s' is not a file.", $path));
     }
   }
 
 
   /**
    * Assert that a path represents a directory, strictly (i.e., not a file).
    *
    * @param  string    Assert that this path is a directory.
    * @return void
    *
    * @task   assert
    */
   public static function assertIsDirectory($path) {
     if (!is_dir($path)) {
       throw new FilesystemException(
         $path,
-        pht("Requested path `%s' is not a directory.", $path));
+        pht("Requested path '%s' is not a directory.", $path));
     }
   }
 
 
   /**
    * Assert that a file or directory exists and is writable.
    *
    * @param  string    Assert that this path is writable.
    * @return void
    *
    * @task   assert
    */
   public static function assertWritable($path) {
     if (!is_writable($path)) {
       throw new FilesystemException(
         $path,
-        pht("Requested path `%s' is not writable.", $path));
+        pht("Requested path '%s' is not writable.", $path));
     }
   }
 
 
   /**
    * Assert that a file or directory exists and is readable.
    *
    * @param  string    Assert that this path is readable.
    * @return void
    *
    * @task   assert
    */
   public static function assertReadable($path) {
     if (!is_readable($path)) {
       throw new FilesystemException(
         $path,
-        pht("Path `%s' is not readable.", $path));
+        pht("Path '%s' is not readable.", $path));
     }
   }
 
 }
diff --git a/src/future/exec/CommandException.php b/src/future/exec/CommandException.php
index 35094ac..a83b86b 100644
--- a/src/future/exec/CommandException.php
+++ b/src/future/exec/CommandException.php
@@ -1,78 +1,78 @@
 <?php
 
 /**
  * Exception thrown when a system command fails.
  */
 final class CommandException extends Exception {
 
   protected $command;
   protected $stdout;
   protected $stderr;
   protected $error;
 
   public function __construct($message, $command, $error, $stdout, $stderr) {
     $this->command = $command;
     $this->error = $error;
     $this->stdout = $stdout;
     $this->stderr = $stderr;
 
     $summary = array();
     $summary[] = $this->summarize($message);
 
     $summary[] = 'COMMAND';
     $summary[] = $this->summarize($command);
 
     $summary[] = null;
     $summary[] = 'STDOUT';
     $summary[] = $this->summarize($stdout);
 
     $summary[] = null;
     $summary[] = 'STDERR';
     $summary[] = $this->summarize($stderr);
 
     $summary = implode("\n", $summary);
 
     parent::__construct($summary);
   }
 
   public function getCommand() {
     return $this->command;
   }
 
   public function getError() {
     return $this->error;
   }
 
   public function getStdout() {
     return $this->stdout;
   }
 
   public function getStderr() {
     return $this->stderr;
   }
 
   private function summarize($string) {
     if (!strlen($string)) {
       return '(empty)';
     }
 
     $limit = 1000;
 
     $len = strlen($string);
     if ($len > $limit) {
       $cut = $len - $limit;
-      $suffix = pht('... (%s more bytes) ...', new PhutilNumber($cut));
+      $suffix = pht('... (%s more byte(s)) ...', new PhutilNumber($cut));
       if ($cut > strlen($suffix)) {
         $string = substr($string, 0, $limit).$suffix;
       }
     }
 
     // Strip out any credentials for the purpose of building a human readable
     // summary of the exception, since these are rarely-if-ever useful when
     // debugging, but can expose otherwise sensitive information.
     $string = phutil_censor_credentials($string);
 
     return $string;
   }
 
 }
diff --git a/src/future/exec/ExecFuture.php b/src/future/exec/ExecFuture.php
index 1361a83..c1c545f 100644
--- a/src/future/exec/ExecFuture.php
+++ b/src/future/exec/ExecFuture.php
@@ -1,960 +1,960 @@
 <?php
 
 /**
  * Execute system commands in parallel using futures.
  *
  * ExecFuture is a future, which means it runs asynchronously and represents
  * a value which may not exist yet. See @{article:Using Futures} for an
  * explanation of futures. When an ExecFuture resolves, it returns the exit
  * code, stdout and stderr of the process it executed.
  *
  * ExecFuture is the core command execution implementation in libphutil, but is
  * exposed through a number of APIs. See @{article:Command Execution} for more
  * discussion about executing system commands.
  *
  * @task create   Creating ExecFutures
  * @task resolve  Resolving Execution
  * @task config   Configuring Execution
  * @task info     Command Information
  * @task interact Interacting With Commands
  * @task internal Internals
  */
 final class ExecFuture extends Future {
 
   private $pipes        = array();
   private $proc         = null;
   private $start        = null;
   private $timeout      = null;
   private $procStatus   = null;
 
   private $stdout       = null;
   private $stderr       = null;
   private $stdin        = null;
   private $closePipe    = true;
 
   private $stdoutPos    = 0;
   private $stderrPos    = 0;
   private $command      = null;
   private $env          = null;
   private $cwd;
 
   private $readBufferSize;
   private $stdoutSizeLimit = PHP_INT_MAX;
   private $stderrSizeLimit = PHP_INT_MAX;
 
   private $profilerCallID;
   private $killedByTimeout;
 
   private $useWindowsFileStreams = false;
   private $windowsStdoutTempFile = null;
   private $windowsStderrTempFile = null;
 
   private static $descriptorSpec = array(
     0 => array('pipe', 'r'),  // stdin
     1 => array('pipe', 'w'),  // stdout
     2 => array('pipe', 'w'),  // stderr
   );
 
 
 /* -(  Creating ExecFutures  )----------------------------------------------- */
 
 
   /**
    * Create a new ExecFuture.
    *
    *   $future = new ExecFuture('wc -l %s', $file_path);
    *
    * @param string  `sprintf()`-style command string which will be passed
    *                through @{function:csprintf} with the rest of the arguments.
    * @param ...     Zero or more additional arguments for @{function:csprintf}.
    * @return ExecFuture ExecFuture for running the specified command.
    * @task create
    */
   public function __construct($command) {
     $argv = func_get_args();
     $this->command = call_user_func_array('csprintf', $argv);
     $this->stdin = new PhutilRope();
   }
 
 
 /* -(  Command Information  )------------------------------------------------ */
 
 
   /**
    * Retrieve the raw command to be executed.
    *
    * @return string Raw command.
    * @task info
    */
   public function getCommand() {
     return $this->command;
   }
 
 
   /**
    * Retrieve the byte limit for the stderr buffer.
    *
    * @return int Maximum buffer size, in bytes.
    * @task info
    */
   public function getStderrSizeLimit() {
     return $this->stderrSizeLimit;
   }
 
 
   /**
    * Retrieve the byte limit for the stdout buffer.
    *
    * @return int Maximum buffer size, in bytes.
    * @task info
    */
   public function getStdoutSizeLimit() {
     return $this->stdoutSizeLimit;
   }
 
 
   /**
    * Get the process's pid. This only works after execution is initiated, e.g.
    * by a call to start().
    *
    * @return int Process ID of the executing process.
    * @task info
    */
   public function getPID() {
     $status = $this->procGetStatus();
     return $status['pid'];
   }
 
 
 /* -(  Configuring Execution  )---------------------------------------------- */
 
 
   /**
    * Set a maximum size for the stdout read buffer. To limit stderr, see
    * @{method:setStderrSizeLimit}. The major use of these methods is to use less
    * memory if you are running a command which sometimes produces huge volumes
    * of output that you don't really care about.
    *
    * NOTE: Setting this to 0 means "no buffer", not "unlimited buffer".
    *
    * @param int Maximum size of the stdout read buffer.
    * @return this
    * @task config
    */
   public function setStdoutSizeLimit($limit) {
     $this->stdoutSizeLimit = $limit;
     return $this;
   }
 
 
   /**
    * Set a maximum size for the stderr read buffer.
    * See @{method:setStdoutSizeLimit} for discussion.
    *
    * @param int Maximum size of the stderr read buffer.
    * @return this
    * @task config
    */
   public function setStderrSizeLimit($limit) {
     $this->stderrSizeLimit = $limit;
     return $this;
   }
 
 
   /**
    * Set the maximum internal read buffer size this future. The future will
    * block reads once the internal stdout or stderr buffer exceeds this size.
    *
    * NOTE: If you @{method:resolve} a future with a read buffer limit, you may
    * block forever!
    *
    * TODO: We should probably release the read buffer limit during
    * @{method:resolve}, or otherwise detect this. For now, be careful.
    *
    * @param int|null Maximum buffer size, or `null` for unlimited.
    * @return this
    */
   public function setReadBufferSize($read_buffer_size) {
     $this->readBufferSize = $read_buffer_size;
     return $this;
   }
 
 
   /**
    * Set the current working directory to use when executing the command.
    *
    * @param string Directory to set as CWD before executing the command.
    * @return this
    * @task config
    */
   public function setCWD($cwd) {
     $this->cwd = $cwd;
     return $this;
   }
 
 
   /**
    * Set the environment variables to use when executing the command.
    *
    * @param array Environment variables to use when executing the command.
    * @return this
    * @task config
    */
   public function setEnv($env, $wipe_process_env = false) {
     if ($wipe_process_env) {
       $this->env = $env;
     } else {
       $this->env = $env + $_ENV;
     }
     return $this;
   }
 
 
   /**
    * Set the value of a specific environmental variable for this command.
    *
    * @param string Environmental variable name.
    * @param string|null New value, or null to remove this variable.
    * @return this
    * @task config
    */
   public function updateEnv($key, $value) {
     if (!is_array($this->env)) {
       $this->env = $_ENV;
     }
 
     if ($value === null) {
       unset($this->env[$key]);
     } else {
       $this->env[$key] = $value;
     }
 
     return $this;
   }
 
 
   /**
    * Set whether to use non-blocking streams on Windows.
    *
    * @param bool Whether to use non-blocking streams.
    * @return this
    * @task config
    */
   public function setUseWindowsFileStreams($use_streams) {
     if (phutil_is_windows()) {
       $this->useWindowsFileStreams = $use_streams;
     }
     return $this;
   }
 
 
 /* -(  Interacting With Commands  )------------------------------------------ */
 
 
   /**
    * Read and return output from stdout and stderr, if any is available. This
    * method keeps a read cursor on each stream, but the entire streams are
    * still returned when the future resolves. You can call read() again after
    * resolving the future to retrieve only the parts of the streams you did not
    * previously read:
    *
    *   $future = new ExecFuture('...');
    *   // ...
    *   list($stdout) = $future->read(); // Returns output so far
    *   list($stdout) = $future->read(); // Returns new output since first call
    *   // ...
    *   list($stdout) = $future->resolvex(); // Returns ALL output
    *   list($stdout) = $future->read(); // Returns unread output
    *
    * NOTE: If you set a limit with @{method:setStdoutSizeLimit} or
    * @{method:setStderrSizeLimit}, this method will not be able to read data
    * past the limit.
    *
    * NOTE: If you call @{method:discardBuffers}, all the stdout/stderr data
    * will be thrown away and the cursors will be reset.
    *
    * @return pair <$stdout, $stderr> pair with new output since the last call
    *              to this method.
    * @task interact
    */
   public function read() {
     $stdout = $this->readStdout();
 
     $result = array(
       $stdout,
       (string)substr($this->stderr, $this->stderrPos),
     );
 
     $this->stderrPos = strlen($this->stderr);
 
     return $result;
   }
 
   public function readStdout() {
     if ($this->start) {
       $this->isReady(); // Sync
     }
 
     $result = (string)substr($this->stdout, $this->stdoutPos);
     $this->stdoutPos = strlen($this->stdout);
     return $result;
   }
 
 
   /**
    * Write data to stdin of the command.
    *
    * @param string Data to write.
    * @param bool If true, keep the pipe open for writing. By default, the pipe
    *             will be closed as soon as possible so that commands which
    *             listen for EOF will execute. If you want to keep the pipe open
    *             past the start of command execution, do an empty write with
    *             `$keep_pipe = true` first.
    * @return this
    * @task interact
    */
   public function write($data, $keep_pipe = false) {
     if (strlen($data)) {
       if (!$this->stdin) {
         throw new Exception(pht('Writing to a closed pipe!'));
       }
       $this->stdin->append($data);
     }
     $this->closePipe = !$keep_pipe;
 
     return $this;
   }
 
 
   /**
    * Permanently discard the stdout and stderr buffers and reset the read
    * cursors. This is basically useful only if you are streaming a large amount
    * of data from some process:
    *
    *   $future = new ExecFuture('zcat huge_file.gz');
    *   do {
    *     $done = $future->resolve(0.1);   // Every 100ms,
    *     list($stdout) = $future->read(); // read output...
    *     echo $stdout;                    // send it somewhere...
    *     $future->discardBuffers();       // and then free the buffers.
    *   } while ($done === null);
    *
    * Conceivably you might also need to do this if you're writing a client using
    * @{class:ExecFuture} and `netcat`, but you probably should not do that.
    *
    * NOTE: This completely discards the data. It won't be available when the
    * future resolves. This is almost certainly only useful if you need the
    * buffer memory for some reason.
    *
    * @return this
    * @task interact
    */
   public function discardBuffers() {
     $this->discardStdoutBuffer();
 
     $this->stderr = '';
     $this->stderrPos = 0;
 
     return $this;
   }
 
   public function discardStdoutBuffer() {
     $this->stdout = '';
     $this->stdoutPos = 0;
     return $this;
   }
 
 
   /**
    * Returns true if this future was killed by a timeout configured with
    * @{method:setTimeout}.
    *
    * @return bool True if the future was killed for exceeding its time limit.
    */
   public function getWasKilledByTimeout() {
     return $this->killedByTimeout;
   }
 
 
 /* -(  Configuring Execution  )---------------------------------------------- */
 
 
   /**
    * Set a hard limit on execution time. If the command runs longer, it will
    * be killed and the future will resolve with an error code. You can test
    * if a future was killed by a timeout with @{method:getWasKilledByTimeout}.
    *
    * @param int Maximum number of seconds this command may execute for.
    * @return this
    * @task config
    */
   public function setTimeout($seconds) {
     $this->timeout = $seconds;
     return $this;
   }
 
 
 /* -(  Resolving Execution  )------------------------------------------------ */
 
 
   /**
    * Resolve a command you expect to exit with return code 0. Works like
    * @{method:resolve}, but throws if $err is nonempty. Returns only
    * $stdout and $stderr. See also @{function:execx}.
    *
    *   list($stdout, $stderr) = $future->resolvex();
    *
    * @param  float Optional timeout after which resolution will pause and
    *               execution will return to the caller.
    * @return pair  <$stdout, $stderr> pair.
    * @task resolve
    */
   public function resolvex($timeout = null) {
     list($err, $stdout, $stderr) = $this->resolve($timeout);
     if ($err) {
       $cmd = $this->command;
       throw new CommandException(
         pht('Command failed with error #%d!', $err),
         $cmd,
         $err,
         $stdout,
         $stderr);
     }
     return array($stdout, $stderr);
   }
 
 
   /**
    * Resolve a command you expect to return valid JSON. Works like
    * @{method:resolvex}, but also throws if stderr is nonempty, or stdout is not
    * valid JSON. Returns a PHP array, decoded from the JSON command output.
    *
    * @param  float Optional timeout after which resolution will pause and
    *               execution will return to the caller.
    * @return array PHP array, decoded from JSON command output.
    * @task resolve
    */
   public function resolveJSON($timeout = null) {
     list($stdout, $stderr) = $this->resolvex($timeout);
     if (strlen($stderr)) {
       $cmd = $this->command;
       throw new CommandException(
         pht(
           "JSON command '%s' emitted text to stderr when none was expected: %d",
           $cmd,
           $stderr),
         $cmd,
         0,
         $stdout,
         $stderr);
     }
     try {
       return phutil_json_decode($stdout);
     } catch (PhutilJSONParserException $ex) {
       $cmd = $this->command;
       throw new CommandException(
         pht(
           "JSON command '%s' did not produce a valid JSON object on stdout: %s",
           $cmd,
           $stdout),
         $cmd,
         0,
         $stdout,
         $stderr);
     }
   }
 
   /**
    * Resolve the process by abruptly terminating it.
    *
    * @return list List of <err, stdout, stderr> results.
    * @task resolve
    */
   public function resolveKill() {
     if (!$this->result) {
       if (defined('SIGKILL')) {
         $signal = SIGKILL;
       } else {
         $signal = 9;
       }
 
       proc_terminate($this->proc, $signal);
       $this->result = array(
         128 + $signal,
         $this->stdout,
         $this->stderr,
       );
       $this->closeProcess();
     }
 
     return $this->result;
   }
 
 
 /* -(  Internals  )---------------------------------------------------------- */
 
 
   /**
    * Provides read sockets to the future core.
    *
    * @return list List of read sockets.
    * @task internal
    */
   public function getReadSockets() {
     list($stdin, $stdout, $stderr) = $this->pipes;
     $sockets = array();
     if (isset($stdout) && !feof($stdout)) {
       $sockets[] = $stdout;
     }
     if (isset($stderr) && !feof($stderr)) {
       $sockets[] = $stderr;
     }
     return $sockets;
   }
 
 
   /**
    * Provides write sockets to the future core.
    *
    * @return list List of write sockets.
    * @task internal
    */
   public function getWriteSockets() {
     list($stdin, $stdout, $stderr) = $this->pipes;
     $sockets = array();
     if (isset($stdin) && $this->stdin->getByteLength() && !feof($stdin)) {
       $sockets[] = $stdin;
     }
     return $sockets;
   }
 
 
   /**
    * Determine if the read buffer is empty.
    *
    * @return bool True if the read buffer is empty.
    * @task internal
    */
   public function isReadBufferEmpty() {
     return !strlen($this->stdout);
   }
 
 
   /**
    * Determine if the write buffer is empty.
    *
    * @return bool True if the write buffer is empty.
    * @task internal
    */
   public function isWriteBufferEmpty() {
     return !$this->getWriteBufferSize();
   }
 
 
   /**
    * Determine the number of bytes in the write buffer.
    *
    * @return int Number of bytes in the write buffer.
    * @task internal
    */
   public function getWriteBufferSize() {
     if (!$this->stdin) {
       return 0;
     }
     return $this->stdin->getByteLength();
   }
 
 
   /**
    * Reads some bytes from a stream, discarding output once a certain amount
    * has been accumulated.
    *
    * @param resource  Stream to read from.
    * @param int       Maximum number of bytes to return from $stream. If
    *                  additional bytes are available, they will be read and
    *                  discarded.
    * @param string    Human-readable description of stream, for exception
    *                  message.
    * @param int       Maximum number of bytes to read.
    * @return string   The data read from the stream.
    * @task internal
    */
   private function readAndDiscard($stream, $limit, $description, $length) {
     $output = '';
 
     if ($length <= 0) {
       return '';
     }
 
     do {
       $data = fread($stream, min($length, 64 * 1024));
       if (false === $data) {
         throw new Exception(pht('Failed to read from %s', $description));
       }
 
       $read_bytes = strlen($data);
 
       if ($read_bytes > 0 && $limit > 0) {
         if ($read_bytes > $limit) {
           $data = substr($data, 0, $limit);
         }
         $output .= $data;
         $limit -= strlen($data);
       }
 
       if (strlen($output) >= $length) {
         break;
       }
     } while ($read_bytes > 0);
 
     return $output;
   }
 
 
   /**
    * Begin or continue command execution.
    *
    * @return bool True if future has resolved.
    * @task internal
    */
   public function isReady() {
     // NOTE: We have soft dependencies on PhutilServiceProfiler and
     // PhutilErrorTrap here. These dependencies are soft to avoid the need to
     // build them into the Phage agent. Under normal circumstances, these
     // classes are always available.
 
     if (!$this->pipes) {
 
       // NOTE: See note above about Phage.
       if (class_exists('PhutilServiceProfiler')) {
         $profiler = PhutilServiceProfiler::getInstance();
         $this->profilerCallID = $profiler->beginServiceCall(
           array(
             'type'    => 'exec',
             'command' => (string)$this->command,
           ));
       }
 
       if (!$this->start) {
         // We might already have started the timer via initiating resolution.
         $this->start = microtime(true);
       }
 
       $unmasked_command = $this->command;
       if ($unmasked_command instanceof PhutilCommandString) {
         $unmasked_command = $unmasked_command->getUnmaskedString();
       }
 
       $pipes = array();
 
       if (phutil_is_windows()) {
         // See T4395. proc_open under Windows uses "cmd /C [cmd]", which will
         // strip the first and last quote when there aren't exactly two quotes
         // (and some other conditions as well). This results in a command that
         // looks like `command" "path to my file" "something something` which is
         // clearly wrong. By surrounding the command string with quotes we can
         // be sure this process is harmless.
         if (strpos($unmasked_command, '"') !== false) {
           $unmasked_command = '"'.$unmasked_command.'"';
         }
       }
 
 
       // NOTE: Convert all the environmental variables we're going to pass
       // into strings before we install PhutilErrorTrap. If something in here
       // is really an object which is going to throw when we try to turn it
       // into a string, we want the exception to escape here -- not after we
       // start trapping errors.
       $env = $this->env;
       if ($env !== null) {
         foreach ($env as $key => $value) {
           $env[$key] = (string)$value;
         }
       }
 
       // Same for the working directory.
       if ($this->cwd === null) {
         $cwd = null;
       } else {
         $cwd = (string)$this->cwd;
       }
 
       // NOTE: See note above about Phage.
       if (class_exists('PhutilErrorTrap')) {
         $trap = new PhutilErrorTrap();
       } else {
         $trap = null;
       }
 
       $spec = self::$descriptorSpec;
       if ($this->useWindowsFileStreams) {
         $this->windowsStdoutTempFile = new TempFile();
         $this->windowsStderrTempFile = new TempFile();
 
         $spec = array(
           0 => self::$descriptorSpec[0],  // stdin
           1 => fopen($this->windowsStdoutTempFile, 'wb'),  // stdout
           2 => fopen($this->windowsStderrTempFile, 'wb'),  // stderr
         );
 
         if (!$spec[1] || !$spec[2]) {
           throw new Exception(pht(
             'Unable to create temporary files for '.
             'Windows stdout / stderr streams'));
         }
       }
 
       $proc = @proc_open(
         $unmasked_command,
         $spec,
         $pipes,
         $cwd,
         $env);
 
       if ($this->useWindowsFileStreams) {
         fclose($spec[1]);
         fclose($spec[2]);
         $pipes = array(
           0 => head($pipes),  // stdin
           1 => fopen($this->windowsStdoutTempFile, 'rb'),  // stdout
           2 => fopen($this->windowsStderrTempFile, 'rb'),  // stderr
         );
 
         if (!$pipes[1] || !$pipes[2]) {
           throw new Exception(pht(
             'Unable to open temporary files for '.
             'reading Windows stdout / stderr streams'));
         }
       }
 
       if ($trap) {
         $err = $trap->getErrorsAsString();
         $trap->destroy();
       } else {
         $err = error_get_last();
       }
 
       if (!is_resource($proc)) {
         throw new Exception(
           pht(
-            'Failed to %s: %s',
+            'Failed to `%s`: %s',
             'proc_open()',
             $err));
       }
 
       $this->pipes = $pipes;
       $this->proc  = $proc;
 
       list($stdin, $stdout, $stderr) = $pipes;
 
       if (!phutil_is_windows()) {
 
         // On Windows, we redirect process standard output and standard error
         // through temporary files, and then use stream_select to determine
         // if there's more data to read.
 
         if ((!stream_set_blocking($stdout, false)) ||
             (!stream_set_blocking($stderr, false)) ||
             (!stream_set_blocking($stdin,  false))) {
           $this->__destruct();
           throw new Exception(pht('Failed to set streams nonblocking.'));
         }
       }
 
       $this->tryToCloseStdin();
 
       return false;
     }
 
     if (!$this->proc) {
       return true;
     }
 
     list($stdin, $stdout, $stderr) = $this->pipes;
 
     while (isset($this->stdin) && $this->stdin->getByteLength()) {
       $write_segment = $this->stdin->getAnyPrefix();
 
       $bytes = fwrite($stdin, $write_segment);
       if ($bytes === false) {
         throw new Exception(pht('Unable to write to stdin!'));
       } else if ($bytes) {
         $this->stdin->removeBytesFromHead($bytes);
       } else {
         // Writes are blocked for now.
         break;
       }
     }
 
     $this->tryToCloseStdin();
 
     // Read status before reading pipes so that we can never miss data that
     // arrives between our last read and the process exiting.
     $status = $this->procGetStatus();
 
     $read_buffer_size = $this->readBufferSize;
 
     $max_stdout_read_bytes = PHP_INT_MAX;
     $max_stderr_read_bytes = PHP_INT_MAX;
     if ($read_buffer_size !== null) {
       $max_stdout_read_bytes = $read_buffer_size - strlen($this->stdout);
       $max_stderr_read_bytes = $read_buffer_size - strlen($this->stderr);
     }
 
     if ($max_stdout_read_bytes > 0) {
       $this->stdout .= $this->readAndDiscard(
         $stdout,
         $this->getStdoutSizeLimit() - strlen($this->stdout),
         'stdout',
         $max_stdout_read_bytes);
     }
 
     if ($max_stderr_read_bytes > 0) {
       $this->stderr .= $this->readAndDiscard(
         $stderr,
         $this->getStderrSizeLimit() - strlen($this->stderr),
         'stderr',
         $max_stderr_read_bytes);
     }
 
     if (!$status['running']) {
       if ($this->useWindowsFileStreams) {
         fclose($stdout);
         fclose($stderr);
       }
 
       $this->result = array(
         $status['exitcode'],
         $this->stdout,
         $this->stderr,
       );
       $this->closeProcess();
       return true;
     }
 
     $elapsed = (microtime(true) - $this->start);
     if ($this->timeout && ($elapsed >= $this->timeout)) {
       $this->killedByTimeout = true;
       $this->resolveKill();
       return true;
     }
 
   }
 
 
   /**
    * @return void
    * @task internal
    */
   public function __destruct() {
     if (!$this->proc) {
       return;
     }
 
     // NOTE: If we try to proc_close() an open process, we hang indefinitely. To
     // avoid this, kill the process explicitly if it's still running.
 
     $status = $this->procGetStatus();
     if ($status['running']) {
       $this->resolveKill();
     } else {
       $this->closeProcess();
     }
   }
 
 
   /**
    * Close and free resources if necessary.
    *
    * @return void
    * @task internal
    */
   private function closeProcess() {
     foreach ($this->pipes as $pipe) {
       if (isset($pipe)) {
         @fclose($pipe);
       }
     }
     $this->pipes = array(null, null, null);
     if ($this->proc) {
       @proc_close($this->proc);
       $this->proc = null;
     }
     $this->stdin  = null;
 
     if ($this->profilerCallID !== null) {
       $profiler = PhutilServiceProfiler::getInstance();
       $profiler->endServiceCall(
         $this->profilerCallID,
         array(
           'err' => $this->result ? idx($this->result, 0) : null,
         ));
       $this->profilerCallID = null;
     }
   }
 
 
   /**
    * Execute `proc_get_status()`, but avoid pitfalls.
    *
    * @return dict Process status.
    * @task internal
    */
   private function procGetStatus() {
     // After the process exits, we only get one chance to read proc_get_status()
     // before it starts returning garbage. Make sure we don't throw away the
     // last good read.
     if ($this->procStatus) {
       if (!$this->procStatus['running']) {
         return $this->procStatus;
       }
     }
     $this->procStatus = proc_get_status($this->proc);
     return $this->procStatus;
   }
 
   /**
    * Try to close stdin, if we're done using it. This keeps us from hanging if
    * the process on the other end of the pipe is waiting for EOF.
    *
    * @return void
    * @task internal
    */
   private function tryToCloseStdin() {
     if (!$this->closePipe) {
       // We've been told to keep the pipe open by a call to write(..., true).
       return;
     }
 
     if ($this->stdin->getByteLength()) {
       // We still have bytes to write.
       return;
     }
 
     list($stdin) = $this->pipes;
     if (!$stdin) {
       // We've already closed stdin.
       return;
     }
 
     // There's nothing stopping us from closing stdin, so close it.
 
     @fclose($stdin);
     $this->pipes[0] = null;
   }
 
   public function getDefaultWait() {
     $wait = parent::getDefaultWait();
 
     if ($this->timeout) {
       if (!$this->start) {
         $this->start = microtime(true);
       }
       $elapsed = (microtime(true) - $this->start);
       $wait = max(0, min($this->timeout - $elapsed, $wait));
     }
 
     return $wait;
   }
 
 }
diff --git a/src/future/oauth/PhutilOAuth1Future.php b/src/future/oauth/PhutilOAuth1Future.php
index 4ef1b86..8e91f8f 100644
--- a/src/future/oauth/PhutilOAuth1Future.php
+++ b/src/future/oauth/PhutilOAuth1Future.php
@@ -1,291 +1,291 @@
 <?php
 
 /**
  * Proxy future that implements OAuth1 request signing. For references, see:
  *
  *  RFC 5849: http://tools.ietf.org/html/rfc5849
  *  Guzzle: https://github.com/guzzle/guzzle/blob/master/src/Guzzle/Plugin/Oauth/OauthPlugin.php
  *
  */
 final class PhutilOAuth1Future extends FutureProxy {
 
   private $uri;
   private $data;
   private $consumerKey;
   private $consumerSecret;
   private $signatureMethod;
   private $privateKey;
   private $method = 'POST';
   private $token;
   private $tokenSecret;
   private $nonce;
   private $timestamp;
   private $hasConstructedFuture;
   private $callbackURI;
   private $headers = array();
 
   public function setCallbackURI($callback_uri) {
     $this->callbackURI = $callback_uri;
     return $this;
   }
 
   public function setTimestamp($timestamp) {
     $this->timestamp = $timestamp;
     return $this;
   }
 
   public function setNonce($nonce) {
     $this->nonce = $nonce;
     return $this;
   }
 
   public function setTokenSecret($token_secret) {
     $this->tokenSecret = $token_secret;
     return $this;
   }
 
   public function setToken($token) {
     $this->token = $token;
     return $this;
   }
 
   public function setPrivateKey(PhutilOpaqueEnvelope $private_key) {
     $this->privateKey = $private_key;
     return $this;
   }
 
   public function setSignatureMethod($signature_method) {
     $this->signatureMethod = $signature_method;
     return $this;
   }
 
   public function setConsumerKey($consumer_key) {
     $this->consumerKey = $consumer_key;
     return $this;
   }
 
   public function setConsumerSecret(PhutilOpaqueEnvelope $consumer_secret) {
     $this->consumerSecret = $consumer_secret;
     return $this;
   }
 
   public function setMethod($method) {
     $this->method = $method;
     return $this;
   }
 
   public function __construct($uri, $data = array()) {
     $this->uri = new PhutilURI((string)$uri);
     $this->data = $data;
     $this->setProxiedFuture(new HTTPSFuture($uri, $data));
   }
 
   public function getSignature() {
     $params = array();
 
     // NOTE: The JIRA API uses JSON-encoded request bodies which are not
     // signed, and OAuth1 provides no real way to sign a nonparameterized
     // request body. Possibly we should split this apart into flags which
     // control which data is signed, but for now this rule seems to cover
     // all the use cases.
 
     if (is_array($this->data)) {
       $params = $this->data;
     }
 
     $params = $params
             + $this->uri->getQueryParams()
             + $this->getOAuth1Headers();
 
     return $this->sign($params);
   }
 
   public function addHeader($name, $value) {
     // If we haven't built the future yet, hold on to the header until after
     // we do, since there might be more changes coming which will affect the
     // signature process.
 
     if (!$this->hasConstructedFuture) {
       $this->headers[] = array($name, $value);
     } else {
       $this->getProxiedFuture()->addHeader($name, $value);
     }
     return $this;
   }
 
   protected function getProxiedFuture() {
     $future = parent::getProxiedFuture();
 
     if (!$this->hasConstructedFuture) {
       $future->setMethod($this->method);
 
       $oauth_headers = $this->getOAuth1Headers();
       $oauth_headers['oauth_signature'] = $this->getSignature();
 
       $full_oauth_header = array();
       foreach ($oauth_headers as $header => $value) {
         $full_oauth_header[] = $header.'="'.urlencode($value).'"';
       }
       $full_oauth_header = 'OAuth '.implode(', ', $full_oauth_header);
 
       $future->addHeader('Authorization', $full_oauth_header);
 
       foreach ($this->headers as $header) {
         $future->addHeader($header[0], $header[1]);
       }
       $this->headers = array();
 
       $this->hasConstructedFuture = true;
     }
 
     return $future;
   }
 
   protected function didReceiveResult($result) {
     return $result;
   }
 
   private function getOAuth1Headers() {
     if (!$this->nonce) {
       $this->nonce = Filesystem::readRandomCharacters(32);
     }
     if (!$this->timestamp) {
       $this->timestamp = time();
     }
 
     $oauth_headers = array(
       'oauth_consumer_key' => $this->consumerKey,
       'oauth_signature_method' => $this->signatureMethod,
       'oauth_timestamp' => $this->timestamp,
       'oauth_nonce' => $this->nonce,
       'oauth_version' => '1.0',
     );
 
     if ($this->callbackURI) {
       $oauth_headers['oauth_callback'] = (string)$this->callbackURI;
     }
 
     if ($this->token) {
       $oauth_headers['oauth_token'] = $this->token;
     }
 
     return $oauth_headers;
   }
 
   private function sign(array $params) {
     ksort($params);
 
     $pstr = array();
     foreach ($params as $key => $value) {
       $pstr[] = rawurlencode($key).'='.rawurlencode($value);
     }
     $pstr = implode('&', $pstr);
 
     $sign_uri = clone $this->uri;
     $sign_uri->setFragment('');
     $sign_uri->setQueryParams(array());
 
     $sign_uri->setProtocol(phutil_utf8_strtolower($sign_uri->getProtocol()));
     $protocol = $sign_uri->getProtocol();
     switch ($protocol) {
       case 'http':
         if ($sign_uri->getPort() == 80) {
           $sign_uri->setPort(null);
         }
         break;
       case 'https':
         if ($sign_uri->getPort() == 443) {
           $sign_uri->setPort(null);
         }
         break;
     }
 
     $method = rawurlencode(phutil_utf8_strtoupper($this->method));
     $sign_uri = rawurlencode((string)$sign_uri);
     $pstr = rawurlencode($pstr);
 
     $sign_input = "{$method}&{$sign_uri}&{$pstr}";
     return $this->signString($sign_input);
   }
 
   private function signString($string) {
     $consumer_secret = null;
     if ($this->consumerSecret) {
       $consumer_secret = $this->consumerSecret->openEnvelope();
     }
 
     $key = urlencode($consumer_secret).'&'.urlencode($this->tokenSecret);
 
     switch ($this->signatureMethod) {
       case 'HMAC-SHA1':
         if (!$this->consumerSecret) {
           throw new Exception(
             pht(
               "Signature method '%s' requires %s!",
               'HMAC-SHA1',
               'setConsumerSecret()'));
         }
 
         $hash = hash_hmac('sha1', $string, $key, true);
         return base64_encode($hash);
       case 'RSA-SHA1':
         if (!$this->privateKey) {
           throw new Exception(
             pht(
               "Signature method '%s' requires %s!",
               'RSA-SHA1',
               'setPrivateKey()'));
         }
 
         $cert = @openssl_pkey_get_private($this->privateKey->openEnvelope());
         if (!$cert) {
-          throw new Exception(pht('%S failed!', 'openssl_pkey_get_private()'));
+          throw new Exception(pht('%s failed!', 'openssl_pkey_get_private()'));
         }
 
         $pkey = @openssl_get_privatekey($cert);
         if (!$pkey) {
           throw new Exception(pht('%s failed!', 'openssl_get_privatekey()'));
         }
 
         $signature = null;
         $ok = openssl_sign($string, $signature, $pkey, OPENSSL_ALGO_SHA1);
         if (!$ok) {
           throw new Exception(pht('%s failed!', 'openssl_sign()'));
         }
 
         openssl_free_key($pkey);
 
         return base64_encode($signature);
       case 'PLAINTEXT':
         if (!$this->consumerSecret) {
           throw new Exception(
             pht(
               "Signature method '%s' requires %s!",
               'PLAINTEXT',
               'setConsumerSecret()'));
         }
         return $key;
       default:
         throw new Exception(pht("Unknown signature method '%s'!", $string));
     }
   }
 
   public function resolvex() {
     $result = $this->getProxiedFuture()->resolvex();
     return $this->didReceiveResult($result);
   }
 
   public function resolveJSON() {
     $result = $this->getProxiedFuture()->resolvex();
     $result = $this->didReceiveResult($result);
     list($body) = $result;
 
     try {
       return phutil_json_decode($body);
     } catch (PhutilJSONParserException $ex) {
       throw new PhutilProxyException(pht('Expected JSON.'), $ex);
     }
   }
 
 
 }
diff --git a/src/moduleutils/PhutilLibraryMapBuilder.php b/src/moduleutils/PhutilLibraryMapBuilder.php
index 882e5bc..af63ca3 100644
--- a/src/moduleutils/PhutilLibraryMapBuilder.php
+++ b/src/moduleutils/PhutilLibraryMapBuilder.php
@@ -1,509 +1,511 @@
 <?php
 
 /**
  * Build maps of libphutil libraries. libphutil uses the library map to locate
  * and load classes and functions in the library.
  *
  * @task map      Mapping libphutil Libraries
  * @task path     Path Management
  * @task symbol   Symbol Analysis and Caching
  * @task source   Source Management
  */
 final class PhutilLibraryMapBuilder extends Phobject {
 
   private $root;
   private $quiet = true;
   private $subprocessLimit = 8;
 
   private $fileSymbolMap;
   private $librarySymbolMap;
 
   const LIBRARY_MAP_VERSION_KEY   = '__library_version__';
   const LIBRARY_MAP_VERSION       = 2;
 
   const SYMBOL_CACHE_VERSION_KEY  = '__symbol_cache_version__';
   const SYMBOL_CACHE_VERSION      = 11;
 
 
 /* -(  Mapping libphutil Libraries  )---------------------------------------- */
 
   /**
    * Create a new map builder for a library.
    *
    * @param string Path to the library root.
    *
    * @task map
    */
   public function __construct($root) {
     $this->root = $root;
   }
 
   /**
    * Control status output. Use `--quiet` to set this.
    *
    * @param  bool  If true, don't show status output.
    * @return this
    *
    * @task map
    */
   public function setQuiet($quiet) {
     $this->quiet = $quiet;
     return $this;
   }
 
   /**
    * Control subprocess parallelism limit. Use `--limit` to set this.
    *
    * @param  int   Maximum number of subprocesses to run in parallel.
    * @return this
    *
    * @task map
    */
   public function setSubprocessLimit($limit) {
     $this->subprocessLimit = $limit;
     return $this;
   }
 
   /**
    * Get the map of symbols in this library, analyzing the library to build it
    * if necessary.
    *
    * @return map<string, wild> Information about symbols in this library.
    *
    * @task map
    */
   public function buildMap() {
     if ($this->librarySymbolMap === null) {
       $this->analyzeLibrary();
     }
     return $this->librarySymbolMap;
   }
 
 
   /**
    * Get the map of files in this library, analyzing the library to build it
    * if necessary.
    *
    * Returns a map of file paths to information about symbols used and defined
    * in the file.
    *
    * @return map<string, wild> Information about files in this library.
    *
    * @task map
    */
   public function buildFileSymbolMap() {
     if ($this->fileSymbolMap === null) {
       $this->analyzeLibrary();
     }
     return $this->fileSymbolMap;
   }
 
   /**
    * Build and update the library map.
    *
    * @return void
    *
    * @task map
    */
   public function buildAndWriteMap() {
     $library_map = $this->buildMap();
 
     $this->log(pht('Writing map...'));
     $this->writeLibraryMap($library_map);
   }
 
   /**
    * Write a status message to the user, if not running in quiet mode.
    *
    * @param  string  Message to write.
    * @return this
    *
    * @task map
    */
   private function log($message) {
     if (!$this->quiet) {
       @fwrite(STDERR, "%s\n", $message);
     }
     return $this;
   }
 
 
 /* -(  Path Management  )---------------------------------------------------- */
 
   /**
    * Get the path to some file in the library.
    *
    * @param  string  A library-relative path. If omitted, returns the library
    *                 root path.
    * @return string  An absolute path.
    *
    * @task path
    */
   private function getPath($path = '') {
     return $this->root.'/'.$path;
   }
 
   /**
    * Get the path to the symbol cache file.
    *
    * @return string Absolute path to symbol cache.
    *
    * @task path
    */
   private function getPathForSymbolCache() {
     return $this->getPath('.phutil_module_cache');
   }
 
   /**
    * Get the path to the map file.
    *
    * @return string Absolute path to the library map.
    *
    * @task path
    */
   private function getPathForLibraryMap() {
     return $this->getPath('__phutil_library_map__.php');
   }
 
   /**
    * Get the path to the library init file.
    *
    * @return string Absolute path to the library init file
    *
    * @task path
    */
   private function getPathForLibraryInit() {
     return $this->getPath('__phutil_library_init__.php');
   }
 
 
 /* -(  Symbol Analysis and Caching  )---------------------------------------- */
 
   /**
    * Load the library symbol cache, if it exists and is readable and valid.
    *
    * @return dict  Map of content hashes to cache of output from
    *               `phutil_symbols.php`.
    *
    * @task symbol
    */
   private function loadSymbolCache() {
     $cache_file = $this->getPathForSymbolCache();
 
     try {
       $cache = Filesystem::readFile($cache_file);
     } catch (Exception $ex) {
       $cache = null;
     }
 
     $symbol_cache = array();
     if ($cache) {
       try {
         $symbol_cache = phutil_json_decode($cache);
       } catch (PhutilJSONParserException $ex) {
         $symbol_cache = array();
       }
     }
 
     $version = idx($symbol_cache, self::SYMBOL_CACHE_VERSION_KEY);
     if ($version != self::SYMBOL_CACHE_VERSION) {
       // Throw away caches from a different version of the library.
       $symbol_cache = array();
     }
     unset($symbol_cache[self::SYMBOL_CACHE_VERSION_KEY]);
 
     return $symbol_cache;
   }
 
   /**
    * Write a symbol map to disk cache.
    *
    * @param  dict  Symbol map of relative paths to symbols.
    * @param  dict  Source map (like @{method:loadSourceFileMap}).
    * @return void
    *
    * @task symbol
    */
   private function writeSymbolCache(array $symbol_map, array $source_map) {
     $cache_file = $this->getPathForSymbolCache();
 
     $cache = array(
       self::SYMBOL_CACHE_VERSION_KEY => self::SYMBOL_CACHE_VERSION,
     );
 
     foreach ($symbol_map as $file => $symbols) {
       $cache[$source_map[$file]] = $symbols;
     }
 
     $json = json_encode($cache);
     try {
       Filesystem::writeFile($cache_file, $json);
     } catch (FilesystemException $ex) {
       $this->log(pht('Unable to save the cache!'));
     }
   }
 
   /**
    * Drop the symbol cache, forcing a clean rebuild.
    *
    * @return this
    *
    * @task symbol
    */
   public function dropSymbolCache() {
     $this->log(pht('Dropping symbol cache...'));
     Filesystem::remove($this->getPathForSymbolCache());
   }
 
   /**
    * Build a future which returns a `phutil_symbols.php` analysis of a source
    * file.
    *
    * @param  string  Relative path to the source file to analyze.
    * @return Future  Analysis future.
    *
    * @task symbol
    */
   private function buildSymbolAnalysisFuture($file) {
     $absolute_file = $this->getPath($file);
     $bin = dirname(__FILE__).'/../../scripts/phutil_symbols.php';
 
     return new ExecFuture('php %s --ugly -- %s', $bin, $absolute_file);
   }
 
 
 /* -(  Source Management  )-------------------------------------------------- */
 
   /**
    * Build a map of all source files in a library to hashes of their content.
    * Returns an array like this:
    *
    *   array(
    *     'src/parser/ExampleParser.php' => '60b725f10c9c85c70d97880dfe8191b3',
    *     // ...
    *   );
    *
    * @return dict  Map of library-relative paths to content hashes.
    * @task source
    */
   private function loadSourceFileMap() {
     $root = $this->getPath();
 
     $init = $this->getPathForLibraryInit();
     if (!Filesystem::pathExists($init)) {
       throw new Exception(
         pht(
           "Provided path '%s' is not a %s library.",
           $root,
           'phutil'));
     }
 
     $files = id(new FileFinder($root))
       ->withType('f')
       ->withSuffix('php')
       ->excludePath('*/.*')
       ->setGenerateChecksums(true)
       ->find();
 
     $map = array();
     foreach ($files as $file => $hash) {
       $file = Filesystem::readablePath($file, $root);
       $file = ltrim($file, '/');
 
       if (dirname($file) == '.') {
         // We don't permit normal source files at the root level, so just ignore
         // them; they're special library files.
         continue;
       }
 
       if (dirname($file) == 'extensions') {
         // Ignore files in the extensions/ directory.
         continue;
       }
 
       // We include also filename in the hash to handle cases when the file is
       // moved without modifying its content.
       $map[$file] = md5($hash.$file);
     }
 
     return $map;
   }
 
   /**
    * Convert the symbol analysis of all the source files in the library into
    * a library map.
    *
    * @param   dict  Symbol analysis of all source files.
    * @return  dict  Library map.
    * @task source
    */
   private function buildLibraryMap(array $symbol_map) {
     $library_map = array(
       'class'     => array(),
       'function'  => array(),
       'xmap'      => array(),
     );
 
     // Detect duplicate symbols within the library.
     foreach ($symbol_map as $file => $info) {
       foreach ($info['have'] as $type => $symbols) {
         foreach ($symbols as $symbol => $declaration) {
           $lib_type = ($type == 'interface') ? 'class' : $type;
           if (!empty($library_map[$lib_type][$symbol])) {
             $prior = $library_map[$lib_type][$symbol];
             throw new Exception(
               pht(
                 "Definition of %s '%s' in file '%s' duplicates prior ".
                 "definition in file '%s'. You can not declare the ".
                 "same symbol twice.",
                 $type,
                 $symbol,
                 $file,
                 $prior));
           }
           $library_map[$lib_type][$symbol] = $file;
         }
       }
       $library_map['xmap'] += $info['xmap'];
     }
 
     // Simplify the common case (one parent) to make the file a little easier
     // to deal with.
     foreach ($library_map['xmap'] as $class => $extends) {
       if (count($extends) == 1) {
         $library_map['xmap'][$class] = reset($extends);
       }
     }
 
     // Sort the map so it is relatively stable across changes.
     foreach ($library_map as $key => $symbols) {
       ksort($symbols);
       $library_map[$key] = $symbols;
     }
     ksort($library_map);
 
     return $library_map;
   }
 
   /**
    * Write a finalized library map.
    *
    * @param  dict Library map structure to write.
    * @return void
    *
    * @task source
    */
   private function writeLibraryMap(array $library_map) {
     $map_file = $this->getPathForLibraryMap();
     $version = self::LIBRARY_MAP_VERSION;
 
     $library_map = array(
       self::LIBRARY_MAP_VERSION_KEY => $version,
     ) + $library_map;
 
     $library_map = phutil_var_export($library_map);
     $at = '@';
 
     $source_file = <<<EOPHP
 <?php
 
 /**
  * This file is automatically generated. Use 'arc liberate' to rebuild it.
  *
  * {$at}generated
  * {$at}phutil-library-version {$version}
  */
 phutil_register_library_map({$library_map});
 
 EOPHP;
 
     Filesystem::writeFile($map_file, $source_file);
   }
 
 
   /**
    * Analyze the library, generating the file and symbol maps.
    *
    * @return void
    */
   private function analyzeLibrary() {
     // Identify all the ".php" source files in the library.
     $this->log(pht('Finding source files...'));
     $source_map = $this->loadSourceFileMap();
     $this->log(
       pht('Found %s files.', new PhutilNumber(count($source_map))));
 
     // Load the symbol cache with existing parsed symbols. This allows us
     // to remap libraries quickly by analyzing only changed files.
     $this->log(pht('Loading symbol cache...'));
     $symbol_cache = $this->loadSymbolCache();
 
     // If the XHPAST binary is not up-to-date, build it now. Otherwise,
     // `phutil_symbols.php` will attempt to build the binary and will fail
     // miserably because it will be trying to build the same file multiple
     // times in parallel.
     if (!PhutilXHPASTBinary::isAvailable()) {
       PhutilXHPASTBinary::build();
     }
 
     // Build out the symbol analysis for all the files in the library. For
     // each file, check if it's in cache. If we miss in the cache, do a fresh
     // analysis.
     $symbol_map = array();
     $futures = array();
     foreach ($source_map as $file => $hash) {
       if (!empty($symbol_cache[$hash])) {
         $symbol_map[$file] = $symbol_cache[$hash];
         continue;
       }
       $futures[$file] = $this->buildSymbolAnalysisFuture($file);
     }
     $this->log(
       pht('Found %s files in cache.', new PhutilNumber(count($symbol_map))));
 
     // Run the analyzer on any files which need analysis.
     if ($futures) {
       $limit = $this->subprocessLimit;
-      $count = number_format(count($futures));
 
       $this->log(
-        pht('Analyzing %d files with %d subprocesses...', $count, $limit));
+        pht(
+          'Analyzing %s file(s) with %s subprocess(es)...',
+          phutil_count($futures),
+          new PhutilNumber($limit)));
 
       $progress = new PhutilConsoleProgressBar();
       if ($this->quiet) {
         $progress->setQuiet(true);
       }
       $progress->setTotal(count($futures));
 
       $futures = id(new FutureIterator($futures))
         ->limit($limit);
       foreach ($futures as $file => $future) {
         $result = $future->resolveJSON();
         if (empty($result['error'])) {
           $symbol_map[$file] = $result;
         } else {
           $progress->done(false);
           throw new XHPASTSyntaxErrorException(
             $result['line'],
             $file.': '.$result['error']);
         }
         $progress->update(1);
       }
       $progress->done();
     }
 
     $this->fileSymbolMap = $symbol_map;
 
     // We're done building the cache, so write it out immediately. Note that
     // we've only retained entries for files we found, so this implicitly cleans
     // out old cache entries.
     $this->writeSymbolCache($symbol_map, $source_map);
 
     // Our map is up to date, so either show it on stdout or write it to disk.
     $this->log(pht('Building library map...'));
 
     $this->librarySymbolMap = $this->buildLibraryMap($symbol_map);
   }
 
 
 }
diff --git a/src/parser/__tests__/PhutilJSONTestCase.php b/src/parser/__tests__/PhutilJSONTestCase.php
index 2e98cc4..295d7b5 100644
--- a/src/parser/__tests__/PhutilJSONTestCase.php
+++ b/src/parser/__tests__/PhutilJSONTestCase.php
@@ -1,21 +1,21 @@
 <?php
 
 final class PhutilJSONTestCase extends PhutilTestCase {
 
   public function testEmptyArrayEncoding() {
     $serializer = new PhutilJSON();
 
     $expect = <<<EOJSON
 {
   "x": []
 }
 
 EOJSON;
 
     $this->assertEqual(
       $expect,
       $serializer->encodeFormatted(array('x' => array())),
-      pht('Empty arrays should serialize as %s, not %s.', '[]', '{}'));
+      pht('Empty arrays should serialize as `%s`, not `%s`.', '[]', '{}'));
   }
 
 }
diff --git a/src/parser/xhpast/__tests__/PHPASTParserTestCase.php b/src/parser/xhpast/__tests__/PHPASTParserTestCase.php
index 5a544a1..2c919ff 100644
--- a/src/parser/xhpast/__tests__/PHPASTParserTestCase.php
+++ b/src/parser/xhpast/__tests__/PHPASTParserTestCase.php
@@ -1,145 +1,146 @@
 <?php
 
 final class PHPASTParserTestCase extends PhutilTestCase {
 
   public function testParser() {
     if (!PhutilXHPASTBinary::isAvailable()) {
       try {
         PhutilXHPASTBinary::build();
       } catch (Exception $ex) {
         $this->assertSkipped(
           pht('%s is not built or not up to date.', 'xhpast'));
       }
     }
 
     $dir = dirname(__FILE__).'/data/';
     foreach (Filesystem::listDirectory($dir) as $file) {
       if (preg_match('/\.test$/', $file)) {
         $this->executeParserTest($file, Filesystem::readFile($dir.$file));
       }
     }
   }
 
   private function executeParserTest($name, $data) {
     $data = explode("\n", $data, 2);
     if (count($data) !== 2) {
       throw new Exception(
         pht('Expected multiple lines in parser test file "%s".', $name));
     }
 
     $head = head($data);
     $body = last($data);
 
     if (!preg_match('/^#/', $head)) {
       throw new Exception(
         pht(
-          'Expected first line of parser test file "%s" to begin with "#" '.
+          'Expected first line of parser test file "%s" to begin with `%s` '.
           'and specify test options.',
-          $name));
+          $name,
+          '#'));
     }
 
     $head = preg_replace('/^#\s*/', '', $head);
 
     $options_parser = new PhutilSimpleOptions();
     $options = $options_parser->parse($head);
 
     $type = null;
     foreach ($options as $key => $value) {
       switch ($key) {
         case 'pass':
         case 'fail-syntax':
         case 'fail-parse':
           if ($type !== null) {
             throw new Exception(
               pht(
                 'Test file "%s" unexpectedly specifies multiple expected '.
                 'test outcomes.',
                 $name));
           }
           $type = $key;
           break;
         case 'comment':
           // Human readable comment providing test case information.
           break;
         case 'rtrim':
           // Allows construction of tests which rely on EOF without newlines.
           $body = rtrim($body);
           break;
         default:
           throw new Exception(
             pht(
               'Test file "%s" has unknown option "%s" in its options '.
               'string.',
               $name,
               $key));
       }
     }
 
     if ($type === null) {
       throw new Exception(
         pht(
           'Test file "%s" does not specify a test result (like "pass") in '.
           'its options string.',
           $name));
     }
 
     $future = PhutilXHPASTBinary::getParserFuture($body);
     list($err, $stdout, $stderr) = $future->resolve();
 
     switch ($type) {
       case 'pass':
       case 'fail-parse':
         $this->assertEqual(0, $err, pht('Exit code for "%s".', $name));
 
         $expect_name = preg_replace('/\.test$/', '.expect', $name);
 
         $dir = dirname(__FILE__).'/data/';
         $expect = Filesystem::readFile($dir.$expect_name);
 
         try {
           $expect = phutil_json_decode($expect);
         } catch (PhutilJSONParserException $ex) {
           throw new PhutilProxyException(
             pht(
               'Test ".expect" file "%s" for test "%s" is not valid JSON.',
               $expect_name,
               $name),
             $ex);
         }
 
         try {
           $stdout = phutil_json_decode($stdout);
         } catch (PhutilJSONParserException $ex) {
           throw new PhutilProxyException(
             pht(
               'Output for test file "%s" is not valid JSON.',
               $name),
             $ex);
         }
 
         $json = new PhutilJSON();
 
         $expect_nice = $json->encodeFormatted($expect);
         $stdout_nice = $json->encodeFormatted($stdout);
 
         if ($type == 'pass') {
           $this->assertEqual(
             $expect_nice,
             $stdout_nice,
             pht('Parser output for "%s".', $name));
         } else {
           $this->assertFalse(
             ($expect_nice == $stdout_nice),
             pht('Expected parser to parse "%s" incorrectly.', $name));
         }
         break;
       case 'fail-syntax':
         $this->assertEqual(1, $err, pht('Exit code for "%s".', $name));
         $this->assertTrue(
           (bool)preg_match('/syntax error/', $stderr),
           pht('Expect "syntax error" in stderr or "%s".', $name));
         break;
     }
   }
 
 }
diff --git a/src/serviceprofiler/PhutilServiceProfiler.php b/src/serviceprofiler/PhutilServiceProfiler.php
index 2eecf4b..352dcd6 100644
--- a/src/serviceprofiler/PhutilServiceProfiler.php
+++ b/src/serviceprofiler/PhutilServiceProfiler.php
@@ -1,163 +1,165 @@
 <?php
 
 /**
  * Simple event store for service calls, so they can be printed to stdout or
  * displayed in a debug console.
  */
 final class PhutilServiceProfiler extends Phobject {
 
   private static $instance;
   private $listeners = array();
   private $events = array();
   private $logSize = 0;
   private $discardMode = false;
 
   private function __construct() {}
 
   public function enableDiscardMode() {
     $this->discardMode = true;
   }
 
   public static function getInstance() {
     if (empty(self::$instance)) {
       self::$instance = new PhutilServiceProfiler();
     }
     return self::$instance;
   }
 
   public function beginServiceCall(array $data) {
     $data['begin'] = microtime(true);
     $id = $this->logSize++;
     $this->events[$id] = $data;
     foreach ($this->listeners as $listener) {
       call_user_func($listener, 'begin', $id, $data);
     }
     return $id;
   }
 
   public function endServiceCall($call_id, array $data) {
     $data = ($this->events[$call_id] + $data);
     $data['end'] = microtime(true);
     $data['duration'] = ($data['end'] - $data['begin']);
     $this->events[$call_id] = $data;
     foreach ($this->listeners as $listener) {
       call_user_func($listener, 'end', $call_id, $data);
     }
     if ($this->discardMode) {
       unset($this->events[$call_id]);
     }
   }
 
   public function getServiceCallLog() {
     return $this->events;
   }
 
   public function addListener($callback) {
     $this->listeners[] = $callback;
   }
 
   public static function installEchoListener() {
     $instance = self::getInstance();
     $instance->addListener(array(__CLASS__, 'echoListener'));
   }
 
   public static function echoListener($type, $id, $data) {
     $is_begin = false;
     $is_end   = false;
 
     switch ($type) {
       case 'begin':
         $is_begin = true;
         $mark = '>>>';
         break;
       case 'end':
         $is_end = true;
         $mark = '<<<';
         break;
       default:
         $mark = null;
         break;
     }
 
     $type = idx($data, 'type', 'mystery');
 
     $desc = null;
     if ($is_begin) {
       switch ($type) {
         case 'connect':
           $desc = $data['database'];
           break;
         case 'query':
           $desc = substr($data['query'], 0, 512);
           break;
         case 'multi-query':
           $desc = array();
           foreach ($data['queries'] as $query) {
             $desc[] = substr($query, 0, 256);
           }
           $desc = implode('; ', $desc);
           break;
         case 'exec':
           $desc = '$ '.$data['command'];
           break;
         case 'conduit':
           if (isset($data['size'])) {
-            $desc = $data['method'].'() '.pht('<bytes = %d>', $data['size']);
+            $desc  = $data['method'].'() ';
+            $desc .= pht('<bytes = %s>', new PhutilNumber($data['size']));
           } else {
             $desc = $data['method'].'()';
           }
           break;
         case 'http':
           $desc = phutil_censor_credentials($data['uri']);
           break;
         case 'lint':
           $desc = $data['linter'];
           if (isset($data['paths'])) {
-            $desc .= ' '.pht('<paths = %d>', count($data['paths']));
+            $desc .= ' '.pht('<paths = %s>', phutil_count($data['paths']));
           }
           break;
         case 'lock':
           $desc = $data['name'];
           break;
         case 'event':
-          $desc = $data['kind'].' '.pht('<listeners = %d>', $data['count']);
+          $desc  = $data['kind'].' ';
+          $desc .= pht('<listeners = %s>', new PhutilNumber($data['count']));
           break;
         case 'ldap':
           $call = idx($data, 'call', '?');
           $params = array();
           switch ($call) {
             case 'connect':
               $params[] = $data['host'].':'.$data['port'];
               break;
             case 'start-tls':
               break;
             case 'bind':
               $params[] = $data['user'];
               break;
             case 'search':
               $params[] = $data['dn'];
               $params[] = $data['query'];
               break;
             default:
               $params[] = '?';
               break;
           }
           $desc = "{$call} (".implode(', ', $params).")";
           break;
       }
     } else if ($is_end) {
       $desc = pht(
         '%s us',
         new PhutilNumber((int)(1000000 * $data['duration'])));
     }
 
     $console = PhutilConsole::getConsole();
     $console->writeLog(
       "%s [%s] <%s> %s\n",
       $mark,
       $id,
       $type,
       $desc);
   }
 
 }
diff --git a/src/utils/utils.php b/src/utils/utils.php
index 5e5f305..a6ca161 100644
--- a/src/utils/utils.php
+++ b/src/utils/utils.php
@@ -1,1409 +1,1409 @@
 <?php
 
 /**
  * Identity function, returns its argument unmodified.
  *
  * This is useful almost exclusively as a workaround to an oddity in the PHP
  * grammar -- this is a syntax error:
  *
  *    COUNTEREXAMPLE
  *    new Thing()->doStuff();
  *
  * ...but this works fine:
  *
  *    id(new Thing())->doStuff();
  *
  * @param   wild Anything.
  * @return  wild Unmodified argument.
  */
 function id($x) {
   return $x;
 }
 
 
 /**
  * Access an array index, retrieving the value stored there if it exists or
  * a default if it does not. This function allows you to concisely access an
  * index which may or may not exist without raising a warning.
  *
  * @param   array   Array to access.
  * @param   scalar  Index to access in the array.
  * @param   wild    Default value to return if the key is not present in the
  *                  array.
  * @return  wild    If `$array[$key]` exists, that value is returned. If not,
  *                  $default is returned without raising a warning.
  */
 function idx(array $array, $key, $default = null) {
   // isset() is a micro-optimization - it is fast but fails for null values.
   if (isset($array[$key])) {
     return $array[$key];
   }
 
   // Comparing $default is also a micro-optimization.
   if ($default === null || array_key_exists($key, $array)) {
     return null;
   }
 
   return $default;
 }
 
 
 /**
  * Call a method on a list of objects. Short for "method pull", this function
  * works just like @{function:ipull}, except that it operates on a list of
  * objects instead of a list of arrays. This function simplifies a common type
  * of mapping operation:
  *
  *    COUNTEREXAMPLE
  *    $names = array();
  *    foreach ($objects as $key => $object) {
  *      $names[$key] = $object->getName();
  *    }
  *
  * You can express this more concisely with mpull():
  *
  *    $names = mpull($objects, 'getName');
  *
  * mpull() takes a third argument, which allows you to do the same but for
  * the array's keys:
  *
  *    COUNTEREXAMPLE
  *    $names = array();
  *    foreach ($objects as $object) {
  *      $names[$object->getID()] = $object->getName();
  *    }
  *
  * This is the mpull version():
  *
  *    $names = mpull($objects, 'getName', 'getID');
  *
  * If you pass ##null## as the second argument, the objects will be preserved:
  *
  *    COUNTEREXAMPLE
  *    $id_map = array();
  *    foreach ($objects as $object) {
  *      $id_map[$object->getID()] = $object;
  *    }
  *
  * With mpull():
  *
  *    $id_map = mpull($objects, null, 'getID');
  *
  * See also @{function:ipull}, which works similarly but accesses array indexes
  * instead of calling methods.
  *
  * @param   list          Some list of objects.
  * @param   string|null   Determines which **values** will appear in the result
  *                        array. Use a string like 'getName' to store the
  *                        value of calling the named method in each value, or
  *                        ##null## to preserve the original objects.
  * @param   string|null   Determines how **keys** will be assigned in the result
  *                        array. Use a string like 'getID' to use the result
  *                        of calling the named method as each object's key, or
  *                        `null` to preserve the original keys.
  * @return  dict          A dictionary with keys and values derived according
  *                        to whatever you passed as `$method` and `$key_method`.
  */
 function mpull(array $list, $method, $key_method = null) {
   $result = array();
   foreach ($list as $key => $object) {
     if ($key_method !== null) {
       $key = $object->$key_method();
     }
     if ($method !== null) {
       $value = $object->$method();
     } else {
       $value = $object;
     }
     $result[$key] = $value;
   }
   return $result;
 }
 
 
 /**
  * Access a property on a list of objects. Short for "property pull", this
  * function works just like @{function:mpull}, except that it accesses object
  * properties instead of methods. This function simplifies a common type of
  * mapping operation:
  *
  *    COUNTEREXAMPLE
  *    $names = array();
  *    foreach ($objects as $key => $object) {
  *      $names[$key] = $object->name;
  *    }
  *
  * You can express this more concisely with ppull():
  *
  *    $names = ppull($objects, 'name');
  *
  * ppull() takes a third argument, which allows you to do the same but for
  * the array's keys:
  *
  *    COUNTEREXAMPLE
  *    $names = array();
  *    foreach ($objects as $object) {
  *      $names[$object->id] = $object->name;
  *    }
  *
  * This is the ppull version():
  *
  *    $names = ppull($objects, 'name', 'id');
  *
  * If you pass ##null## as the second argument, the objects will be preserved:
  *
  *    COUNTEREXAMPLE
  *    $id_map = array();
  *    foreach ($objects as $object) {
  *      $id_map[$object->id] = $object;
  *    }
  *
  * With ppull():
  *
  *    $id_map = ppull($objects, null, 'id');
  *
  * See also @{function:mpull}, which works similarly but calls object methods
  * instead of accessing object properties.
  *
  * @param   list          Some list of objects.
  * @param   string|null   Determines which **values** will appear in the result
  *                        array. Use a string like 'name' to store the value of
  *                        accessing the named property in each value, or
  *                        `null` to preserve the original objects.
  * @param   string|null   Determines how **keys** will be assigned in the result
  *                        array. Use a string like 'id' to use the result of
  *                        accessing the named property as each object's key, or
  *                        `null` to preserve the original keys.
  * @return  dict          A dictionary with keys and values derived according
  *                        to whatever you passed as `$property` and
  *                        `$key_property`.
  */
 function ppull(array $list, $property, $key_property = null) {
   $result = array();
   foreach ($list as $key => $object) {
     if ($key_property !== null) {
       $key = $object->$key_property;
     }
     if ($property !== null) {
       $value = $object->$property;
     } else {
       $value = $object;
     }
     $result[$key] = $value;
   }
   return $result;
 }
 
 
 /**
  * Choose an index from a list of arrays. Short for "index pull", this function
  * works just like @{function:mpull}, except that it operates on a list of
  * arrays and selects an index from them instead of operating on a list of
  * objects and calling a method on them.
  *
  * This function simplifies a common type of mapping operation:
  *
  *    COUNTEREXAMPLE
  *    $names = array();
  *    foreach ($list as $key => $dict) {
  *      $names[$key] = $dict['name'];
  *    }
  *
  * With ipull():
  *
  *    $names = ipull($list, 'name');
  *
  * See @{function:mpull} for more usage examples.
  *
  * @param   list          Some list of arrays.
  * @param   scalar|null   Determines which **values** will appear in the result
  *                        array. Use a scalar to select that index from each
  *                        array, or null to preserve the arrays unmodified as
  *                        values.
  * @param   scalar|null   Determines which **keys** will appear in the result
  *                        array. Use a scalar to select that index from each
  *                        array, or null to preserve the array keys.
  * @return  dict          A dictionary with keys and values derived according
  *                        to whatever you passed for `$index` and `$key_index`.
  */
 function ipull(array $list, $index, $key_index = null) {
   $result = array();
   foreach ($list as $key => $array) {
     if ($key_index !== null) {
       $key = $array[$key_index];
     }
     if ($index !== null) {
       $value = $array[$index];
     } else {
       $value = $array;
     }
     $result[$key] = $value;
   }
   return $result;
 }
 
 
 /**
  * Group a list of objects by the result of some method, similar to how
  * GROUP BY works in an SQL query. This function simplifies grouping objects
  * by some property:
  *
  *    COUNTEREXAMPLE
  *    $animals_by_species = array();
  *    foreach ($animals as $animal) {
  *      $animals_by_species[$animal->getSpecies()][] = $animal;
  *    }
  *
  * This can be expressed more tersely with mgroup():
  *
  *    $animals_by_species = mgroup($animals, 'getSpecies');
  *
  * In either case, the result is a dictionary which maps species (e.g., like
  * "dog") to lists of animals with that property, so all the dogs are grouped
  * together and all the cats are grouped together, or whatever super
  * businessesey thing is actually happening in your problem domain.
  *
  * See also @{function:igroup}, which works the same way but operates on
  * array indexes.
  *
  * @param   list    List of objects to group by some property.
  * @param   string  Name of a method, like 'getType', to call on each object
  *                  in order to determine which group it should be placed into.
  * @param   ...     Zero or more additional method names, to subgroup the
  *                  groups.
  * @return  dict    Dictionary mapping distinct method returns to lists of
  *                  all objects which returned that value.
  */
 function mgroup(array $list, $by /* , ... */) {
   $map = mpull($list, $by);
 
   $groups = array();
   foreach ($map as $group) {
     // Can't array_fill_keys() here because 'false' gets encoded wrong.
     $groups[$group] = array();
   }
 
   foreach ($map as $key => $group) {
     $groups[$group][$key] = $list[$key];
   }
 
   $args = func_get_args();
   $args = array_slice($args, 2);
   if ($args) {
     array_unshift($args, null);
     foreach ($groups as $group_key => $grouped) {
       $args[0] = $grouped;
       $groups[$group_key] = call_user_func_array('mgroup', $args);
     }
   }
 
   return $groups;
 }
 
 
 /**
  * Group a list of arrays by the value of some index. This function is the same
  * as @{function:mgroup}, except it operates on the values of array indexes
  * rather than the return values of method calls.
  *
  * @param   list    List of arrays to group by some index value.
  * @param   string  Name of an index to select from each array in order to
  *                  determine which group it should be placed into.
  * @param   ...     Zero or more additional indexes names, to subgroup the
  *                  groups.
  * @return  dict    Dictionary mapping distinct index values to lists of
  *                  all objects which had that value at the index.
  */
 function igroup(array $list, $by /* , ... */) {
   $map = ipull($list, $by);
 
   $groups = array();
   foreach ($map as $group) {
     $groups[$group] = array();
   }
 
   foreach ($map as $key => $group) {
     $groups[$group][$key] = $list[$key];
   }
 
   $args = func_get_args();
   $args = array_slice($args, 2);
   if ($args) {
     array_unshift($args, null);
     foreach ($groups as $group_key => $grouped) {
       $args[0] = $grouped;
       $groups[$group_key] = call_user_func_array('igroup', $args);
     }
   }
 
   return $groups;
 }
 
 
 /**
  * Sort a list of objects by the return value of some method. In PHP, this is
  * often vastly more efficient than `usort()` and similar.
  *
  *    // Sort a list of Duck objects by name.
  *    $sorted = msort($ducks, 'getName');
  *
  * It is usually significantly more efficient to define an ordering method
  * on objects and call `msort()` than to write a comparator. It is often more
  * convenient, as well.
  *
  * NOTE: This method does not take the list by reference; it returns a new list.
  *
  * @param   list    List of objects to sort by some property.
  * @param   string  Name of a method to call on each object; the return values
  *                  will be used to sort the list.
  * @return  list    Objects ordered by the return values of the method calls.
  */
 function msort(array $list, $method) {
   $surrogate = mpull($list, $method);
 
   asort($surrogate);
 
   $result = array();
   foreach ($surrogate as $key => $value) {
     $result[$key] = $list[$key];
   }
 
   return $result;
 }
 
 
 /**
  * Sort a list of arrays by the value of some index. This method is identical to
  * @{function:msort}, but operates on a list of arrays instead of a list of
  * objects.
  *
  * @param   list    List of arrays to sort by some index value.
  * @param   string  Index to access on each object; the return values
  *                  will be used to sort the list.
  * @return  list    Arrays ordered by the index values.
  */
 function isort(array $list, $index) {
   $surrogate = ipull($list, $index);
 
   asort($surrogate);
 
   $result = array();
   foreach ($surrogate as $key => $value) {
     $result[$key] = $list[$key];
   }
 
   return $result;
 }
 
 
 /**
  * Filter a list of objects by executing a method across all the objects and
  * filter out the ones with empty() results. this function works just like
  * @{function:ifilter}, except that it operates on a list of objects instead
  * of a list of arrays.
  *
  * For example, to remove all objects with no children from a list, where
  * 'hasChildren' is a method name, do this:
  *
  *   mfilter($list, 'hasChildren');
  *
  * The optional third parameter allows you to negate the operation and filter
  * out nonempty objects. To remove all objects that DO have children, do this:
  *
  *   mfilter($list, 'hasChildren', true);
  *
  * @param  array        List of objects to filter.
  * @param  string       A method name.
  * @param  bool         Optionally, pass true to drop objects which pass the
  *                      filter instead of keeping them.
  * @return array        List of objects which pass the filter.
  */
 function mfilter(array $list, $method, $negate = false) {
   if (!is_string($method)) {
     throw new InvalidArgumentException(pht('Argument method is not a string.'));
   }
 
   $result = array();
   foreach ($list as $key => $object) {
     $value = $object->$method();
 
     if (!$negate) {
       if (!empty($value)) {
         $result[$key] = $object;
       }
     } else {
       if (empty($value)) {
         $result[$key] = $object;
       }
     }
   }
 
   return $result;
 }
 
 
 /**
  * Filter a list of arrays by removing the ones with an empty() value for some
  * index. This function works just like @{function:mfilter}, except that it
  * operates on a list of arrays instead of a list of objects.
  *
  * For example, to remove all arrays without value for key 'username', do this:
  *
  *   ifilter($list, 'username');
  *
  * The optional third parameter allows you to negate the operation and filter
  * out nonempty arrays. To remove all arrays that DO have value for key
  * 'username', do this:
  *
  *   ifilter($list, 'username', true);
  *
  * @param  array        List of arrays to filter.
  * @param  scalar       The index.
  * @param  bool         Optionally, pass true to drop arrays which pass the
  *                      filter instead of keeping them.
  * @return array        List of arrays which pass the filter.
  */
 function ifilter(array $list, $index, $negate = false) {
   if (!is_scalar($index)) {
     throw new InvalidArgumentException(pht('Argument index is not a scalar.'));
   }
 
   $result = array();
   if (!$negate) {
     foreach ($list as $key => $array) {
       if (!empty($array[$index])) {
         $result[$key] = $array;
       }
     }
   } else {
     foreach ($list as $key => $array) {
       if (empty($array[$index])) {
         $result[$key] = $array;
       }
     }
   }
 
   return $result;
 }
 
 
 /**
  * Selects a list of keys from an array, returning a new array with only the
  * key-value pairs identified by the selected keys, in the specified order.
  *
  * Note that since this function orders keys in the result according to the
  * order they appear in the list of keys, there are effectively two common
  * uses: either reducing a large dictionary to a smaller one, or changing the
  * key order on an existing dictionary.
  *
  * @param  dict    Dictionary of key-value pairs to select from.
  * @param  list    List of keys to select.
  * @return dict    Dictionary of only those key-value pairs where the key was
  *                 present in the list of keys to select. Ordering is
  *                 determined by the list order.
  */
 function array_select_keys(array $dict, array $keys) {
   $result = array();
   foreach ($keys as $key) {
     if (array_key_exists($key, $dict)) {
       $result[$key] = $dict[$key];
     }
   }
   return $result;
 }
 
 
 /**
  * Checks if all values of array are instances of the passed class. Throws
  * `InvalidArgumentException` if it isn't true for any value.
  *
  * @param  array
  * @param  string  Name of the class or 'array' to check arrays.
  * @return array   Returns passed array.
  */
 function assert_instances_of(array $arr, $class) {
   $is_array = !strcasecmp($class, 'array');
 
   foreach ($arr as $key => $object) {
     if ($is_array) {
       if (!is_array($object)) {
         $given = gettype($object);
         throw new InvalidArgumentException(
           pht(
             "Array item with key '%s' must be of type array, %s given.",
             $key,
             $given));
       }
 
     } else if (!($object instanceof $class)) {
       $given = gettype($object);
       if (is_object($object)) {
         $given = pht('instance of %s', get_class($object));
       }
       throw new InvalidArgumentException(
         pht(
           "Array item with key '%s' must be an instance of %s, %s given.",
           $key,
           $class,
           $given));
     }
   }
 
   return $arr;
 }
 
 /**
  * Assert that passed data can be converted to string.
  *
  * @param  string    Assert that this data is valid.
  * @return void
  *
  * @task   assert
  */
 function assert_stringlike($parameter) {
   switch (gettype($parameter)) {
     case 'string':
     case 'NULL':
     case 'boolean':
     case 'double':
     case 'integer':
       return;
     case 'object':
       if (method_exists($parameter, '__toString')) {
         return;
       }
       break;
     case 'array':
     case 'resource':
     case 'unknown type':
     default:
       break;
   }
 
   throw new InvalidArgumentException(
     pht(
       'Argument must be scalar or object which implements %s!',
       '__toString()'));
 }
 
 /**
  * Returns the first argument which is not strictly null, or `null` if there
  * are no such arguments. Identical to the MySQL function of the same name.
  *
  * @param  ...         Zero or more arguments of any type.
  * @return mixed       First non-`null` arg, or null if no such arg exists.
  */
 function coalesce(/* ... */) {
   $args = func_get_args();
   foreach ($args as $arg) {
     if ($arg !== null) {
       return $arg;
     }
   }
   return null;
 }
 
 
 /**
  * Similar to @{function:coalesce}, but less strict: returns the first
  * non-`empty()` argument, instead of the first argument that is strictly
  * non-`null`. If no argument is nonempty, it returns the last argument. This
  * is useful idiomatically for setting defaults:
  *
  *   $display_name = nonempty($user_name, $full_name, "Anonymous");
  *
  * @param  ...         Zero or more arguments of any type.
  * @return mixed       First non-`empty()` arg, or last arg if no such arg
  *                     exists, or null if you passed in zero args.
  */
 function nonempty(/* ... */) {
   $args = func_get_args();
   $result = null;
   foreach ($args as $arg) {
     $result = $arg;
     if ($arg) {
       break;
     }
   }
   return $result;
 }
 
 
 /**
  * Invokes the "new" operator with a vector of arguments. There is no way to
  * `call_user_func_array()` on a class constructor, so you can instead use this
  * function:
  *
  *   $obj = newv($class_name, $argv);
  *
  * That is, these two statements are equivalent:
  *
  *   $pancake = new Pancake('Blueberry', 'Maple Syrup', true);
  *   $pancake = newv('Pancake', array('Blueberry', 'Maple Syrup', true));
  *
  * DO NOT solve this problem in other, more creative ways! Three popular
  * alternatives are:
  *
  *   - Build a fake serialized object and unserialize it.
  *   - Invoke the constructor twice.
  *   - just use `eval()` lol
  *
  * These are really bad solutions to the problem because they can have side
  * effects (e.g., __wakeup()) and give you an object in an otherwise impossible
  * state. Please endeavor to keep your objects in possible states.
  *
  * If you own the classes you're doing this for, you should consider whether
  * or not restructuring your code (for instance, by creating static
  * construction methods) might make it cleaner before using `newv()`. Static
  * constructors can be invoked with `call_user_func_array()`, and may give your
  * class a cleaner and more descriptive API.
  *
  * @param  string  The name of a class.
  * @param  list    Array of arguments to pass to its constructor.
  * @return obj     A new object of the specified class, constructed by passing
  *                 the argument vector to its constructor.
  */
 function newv($class_name, array $argv) {
   $reflector = new ReflectionClass($class_name);
   if ($argv) {
     return $reflector->newInstanceArgs($argv);
   } else {
     return $reflector->newInstance();
   }
 }
 
 
 /**
  * Returns the first element of an array. Exactly like reset(), but doesn't
  * choke if you pass it some non-referenceable value like the return value of
  * a function.
  *
  * @param    array Array to retrieve the first element from.
  * @return   wild  The first value of the array.
  */
 function head(array $arr) {
   return reset($arr);
 }
 
 /**
  * Returns the last element of an array. This is exactly like `end()` except
  * that it won't warn you if you pass some non-referencable array to
  * it -- e.g., the result of some other array operation.
  *
  * @param    array Array to retrieve the last element from.
  * @return   wild  The last value of the array.
  */
 function last(array $arr) {
   return end($arr);
 }
 
 /**
  * Returns the first key of an array.
  *
  * @param    array       Array to retrieve the first key from.
  * @return   int|string  The first key of the array.
  */
 function head_key(array $arr) {
   reset($arr);
   return key($arr);
 }
 
 /**
  * Returns the last key of an array.
  *
  * @param    array       Array to retrieve the last key from.
  * @return   int|string  The last key of the array.
  */
 function last_key(array $arr) {
   end($arr);
   return key($arr);
 }
 
 /**
  * Merge a vector of arrays performantly. This has the same semantics as
  * array_merge(), so these calls are equivalent:
  *
  *   array_merge($a, $b, $c);
  *   array_mergev(array($a, $b, $c));
  *
  * However, when you have a vector of arrays, it is vastly more performant to
  * merge them with this function than by calling array_merge() in a loop,
  * because using a loop generates an intermediary array on each iteration.
  *
  * @param list Vector of arrays to merge.
  * @return list Arrays, merged with array_merge() semantics.
  */
 function array_mergev(array $arrayv) {
   if (!$arrayv) {
     return array();
   }
 
   foreach ($arrayv as $key => $item) {
     if (!is_array($item)) {
       throw new InvalidArgumentException(
         pht(
-          'Expected all items passed to %s to be arrays, but '.
+          'Expected all items passed to `%s` to be arrays, but '.
           'argument with key "%s" has type "%s".',
           __FUNCTION__.'()',
           $key,
           gettype($item)));
     }
   }
 
   return call_user_func_array('array_merge', $arrayv);
 }
 
 
 /**
  * Split a corpus of text into lines. This function splits on "\n", "\r\n", or
  * a mixture of any of them.
  *
  * NOTE: This function does not treat "\r" on its own as a newline because none
  * of SVN, Git or Mercurial do on any OS.
  *
  * @param string Block of text to be split into lines.
  * @param bool If true, retain line endings in result strings.
  * @return list List of lines.
  */
 function phutil_split_lines($corpus, $retain_endings = true) {
   if (!strlen($corpus)) {
     return array('');
   }
 
   // Split on "\r\n" or "\n".
   if ($retain_endings) {
     $lines = preg_split('/(?<=\n)/', $corpus);
   } else {
     $lines = preg_split('/\r?\n/', $corpus);
   }
 
   // If the text ends with "\n" or similar, we'll end up with an empty string
   // at the end; discard it.
   if (end($lines) == '') {
     array_pop($lines);
   }
 
   if ($corpus instanceof PhutilSafeHTML) {
     return array_map('phutil_safe_html', $lines);
   }
 
   return $lines;
 }
 
 
 /**
  * Simplifies a common use of `array_combine()`. Specifically, this:
  *
  *   COUNTEREXAMPLE:
  *   if ($list) {
  *     $result = array_combine($list, $list);
  *   } else {
  *     // Prior to PHP 5.4, array_combine() failed if given empty arrays.
  *     $result = array();
  *   }
  *
  * ...is equivalent to this:
  *
  *   $result = array_fuse($list);
  *
  * @param   list  List of scalars.
  * @return  dict  Dictionary with inputs mapped to themselves.
  */
 function array_fuse(array $list) {
   if ($list) {
     return array_combine($list, $list);
   }
   return array();
 }
 
 
 /**
  * Add an element between every two elements of some array. That is, given a
  * list `A, B, C, D`, and some element to interleave, `x`, this function returns
  * `A, x, B, x, C, x, D`. This works like `implode()`, but does not concatenate
  * the list into a string. In particular:
  *
  *   implode('', array_interleave($x, $list));
  *
  * ...is equivalent to:
  *
  *   implode($x, $list);
  *
  * This function does not preserve keys.
  *
  * @param wild  Element to interleave.
  * @param list  List of elements to be interleaved.
  * @return list Original list with the new element interleaved.
  */
 function array_interleave($interleave, array $array) {
   $result = array();
   foreach ($array as $item) {
     $result[] = $item;
     $result[] = $interleave;
   }
   array_pop($result);
   return $result;
 }
 
 function phutil_is_windows() {
   // We can also use PHP_OS, but that's kind of sketchy because it returns
   // "WINNT" for Windows 7 and "Darwin" for Mac OS X. Practically, testing for
   // DIRECTORY_SEPARATOR is more straightforward.
   return (DIRECTORY_SEPARATOR != '/');
 }
 
 function phutil_is_hiphop_runtime() {
   return (array_key_exists('HPHP', $_ENV) && $_ENV['HPHP'] === 1);
 }
 
 /**
  * Converts a string to a loggable one, with unprintables and newlines escaped.
  *
  * @param string  Any string.
  * @return string String with control and newline characters escaped, suitable
  *                for printing on a single log line.
  */
 function phutil_loggable_string($string) {
   if (preg_match('/^[\x20-\x7E]+$/', $string)) {
     return $string;
   }
 
   $result = '';
 
   static $c_map = array(
     '\\' => '\\\\',
     "\n" => '\\n',
     "\r" => '\\r',
     "\t" => '\\t',
   );
 
   $len = strlen($string);
   for ($ii = 0; $ii < $len; $ii++) {
     $c = $string[$ii];
     if (isset($c_map[$c])) {
       $result .= $c_map[$c];
     } else {
       $o = ord($c);
       if ($o < 0x20 || $o == 0x7F) {
         $result .= '\\x'.sprintf('%02X', $o);
       } else {
         $result .= $c;
       }
     }
   }
 
   return $result;
 }
 
 
 /**
  * Perform an `fwrite()` which distinguishes between EAGAIN and EPIPE.
  *
  * PHP's `fwrite()` is broken, and never returns `false` for writes to broken
  * nonblocking pipes: it always returns 0, and provides no straightforward
  * mechanism for distinguishing between EAGAIN (buffer is full, can't write any
  * more right now) and EPIPE or similar (no write will ever succeed).
  *
  * See: https://bugs.php.net/bug.php?id=39598
  *
  * If you call this method instead of `fwrite()`, it will attempt to detect
  * when a zero-length write is caused by EAGAIN and return `0` only if the
  * write really should be retried.
  *
  * @param resource  Socket or pipe stream.
  * @param string    Bytes to write.
  * @return bool|int Number of bytes written, or `false` on any error (including
  *                  errors which `fpipe()` can not detect, like a broken pipe).
  */
 function phutil_fwrite_nonblocking_stream($stream, $bytes) {
   if (!strlen($bytes)) {
     return 0;
   }
 
   $result = @fwrite($stream, $bytes);
   if ($result !== 0) {
     // In cases where some bytes are witten (`$result > 0`) or
     // an error occurs (`$result === false`), the behavior of fwrite() is
     // correct. We can return the value as-is.
     return $result;
   }
 
   // If we make it here, we performed a 0-length write. Try to distinguish
   // between EAGAIN and EPIPE. To do this, we're going to `stream_select()`
   // the stream, write to it again if PHP claims that it's writable, and
   // consider the pipe broken if the write fails.
 
   $read = array();
   $write = array($stream);
   $except = array();
 
   @stream_select($read, $write, $except, 0);
 
   if (!$write) {
     // The stream isn't writable, so we conclude that it probably really is
     // blocked and the underlying error was EAGAIN. Return 0 to indicate that
     // no data could be written yet.
     return 0;
   }
 
   // If we make it here, PHP **just** claimed that this stream is writable, so
   // perform a write. If the write also fails, conclude that these failures are
   // EPIPE or some other permanent failure.
   $result = @fwrite($stream, $bytes);
   if ($result !== 0) {
     // The write worked or failed explicitly. This value is fine to return.
     return $result;
   }
 
   // We performed a 0-length write, were told that the stream was writable, and
   // then immediately performed another 0-length write. Conclude that the pipe
   // is broken and return `false`.
   return false;
 }
 
 
 /**
  * Convert a human-readable unit description into a numeric one. This function
  * allows you to replace this:
  *
  *   COUNTEREXAMPLE
  *   $ttl = (60 * 60 * 24 * 30); // 30 days
  *
  * ...with this:
  *
  *   $ttl = phutil_units('30 days in seconds');
  *
  * ...which is self-documenting and difficult to make a mistake with.
  *
  * @param   string  Human readable description of a unit quantity.
  * @return  int     Quantity of specified unit.
  */
 function phutil_units($description) {
   $matches = null;
   if (!preg_match('/^(\d+) (\w+) in (\w+)$/', $description, $matches)) {
     throw new InvalidArgumentException(
       pht(
         'Unable to parse unit specification (expected a specification in the '.
         'form "%s"): %s',
         '5 days in seconds',
         $description));
   }
 
   $quantity = (int)$matches[1];
   $src_unit = $matches[2];
   $dst_unit = $matches[3];
 
   switch ($dst_unit) {
     case 'seconds':
       switch ($src_unit) {
         case 'second':
         case 'seconds':
           $factor = 1;
           break;
         case 'minute':
         case 'minutes':
           $factor = 60;
           break;
         case 'hour':
         case 'hours':
           $factor = 60 * 60;
           break;
         case 'day':
         case 'days':
           $factor = 60 * 60 * 24;
           break;
         default:
           throw new InvalidArgumentException(
             pht(
               'This function can not convert from the unit "%s".',
               $src_unit));
       }
       break;
     default:
       throw new InvalidArgumentException(
         pht(
           'This function can not convert into the unit "%s".',
           $dst_unit));
   }
 
   return $quantity * $factor;
 }
 
 
 /**
  * Decode a JSON dictionary.
  *
  * @param   string    A string which ostensibly contains a JSON-encoded list or
  *                    dictionary.
  * @return  mixed     Decoded list/dictionary.
  */
 function phutil_json_decode($string) {
   $result = @json_decode($string, true);
 
   if (!is_array($result)) {
     // Failed to decode the JSON. Try to use @{class:PhutilJSONParser} instead.
     // This will probably fail, but will throw a useful exception.
     $parser = new PhutilJSONParser();
     $result = $parser->parse($string);
   }
 
   return $result;
 }
 
 
 /**
  * Encode a value in JSON, raising an exception if it can not be encoded.
  *
  * @param wild A value to encode.
  * @return string JSON representation of the value.
  */
 function phutil_json_encode($value) {
   $result = @json_encode($value);
   if ($result === false) {
     $reason = phutil_validate_json($value);
     if (function_exists('json_last_error')) {
       $err = json_last_error();
       if (function_exists('json_last_error_msg')) {
         $msg = json_last_error_msg();
         $extra = pht('#%d: %s', $err, $msg);
       } else {
         $extra = pht('#%d', $err);
       }
     } else {
       $extra = null;
     }
 
     if ($extra) {
       $message = pht(
         'Failed to JSON encode value (%s): %s.',
         $extra,
         $reason);
     } else {
       $message = pht(
         'Failed to JSON encode value: %s.',
         $reason);
     }
 
     throw new Exception($message);
   }
 
   return $result;
 }
 
 
 /**
  * Produce a human-readable explanation why a value can not be JSON-encoded.
  *
  * @param wild Value to validate.
  * @param string Path within the object to provide context.
  * @return string|null Explanation of why it can't be encoded, or null.
  */
 function phutil_validate_json($value, $path = '') {
   if ($value === null) {
     return;
   }
 
   if ($value === true) {
     return;
   }
 
   if ($value === false) {
     return;
   }
 
   if (is_int($value)) {
     return;
   }
 
   if (is_float($value)) {
     return;
   }
 
   if (is_array($value)) {
     foreach ($value as $key => $subvalue) {
       if (strlen($path)) {
         $full_key = $path.' > ';
       } else {
         $full_key = '';
       }
 
       if (!phutil_is_utf8($key)) {
         $full_key = $full_key.phutil_utf8ize($key);
         return pht(
-          'Dictionary key "%s" is not valid UTF8, and can not be JSON encoded.',
+          'Dictionary key "%s" is not valid UTF8, and cannot be JSON encoded.',
           $full_key);
       }
 
       $full_key .= $key;
       $result = phutil_validate_json($subvalue, $full_key);
       if ($result !== null) {
         return $result;
       }
     }
   }
 
   if (is_string($value)) {
     if (!phutil_is_utf8($value)) {
       $display = substr($value, 0, 256);
       $display = phutil_utf8ize($display);
       if (!strlen($path)) {
         return pht(
           'String value is not valid UTF8, and can not be JSON encoded: %s',
           $display);
       } else {
         return pht(
-          'Dictionary value at key "%s" is not valid UTF8, and can not be '.
+          'Dictionary value at key "%s" is not valid UTF8, and cannot be '.
           'JSON encoded: %s',
           $path,
           $display);
       }
     }
   }
 
   return;
 }
 
 
 /**
  * Decode an INI string.
  *
  * @param  string
  * @return mixed
  */
 function phutil_ini_decode($string) {
   $results = null;
   $trap = new PhutilErrorTrap();
 
   try {
     if (!function_exists('parse_ini_string')) {
       throw new PhutilMethodNotImplementedException(
         pht(
           '%s is not compatible with your version of PHP (%s). This function '.
           'is only supported on PHP versions newer than 5.3.0.',
           __FUNCTION__,
           phpversion()));
     }
 
     $results = @parse_ini_string($string, true, INI_SCANNER_RAW);
 
     if ($results === false) {
       throw new PhutilINIParserException(trim($trap->getErrorsAsString()));
     }
 
     foreach ($results as $section => $result) {
       if (!is_array($result)) {
         // We JSON decode the value in ordering to perform the following
         // conversions:
         //
         //   - `'true'` => `true`
         //   - `'false'` => `false`
         //   - `'123'` => `123`
         //   - `'1.234'` => `1.234`
         //
         $result = json_decode($result, true);
 
         if ($result !== null && !is_array($result)) {
           $results[$section] = $result;
         }
 
         continue;
       }
 
       foreach ($result as $key => $value) {
         $value = json_decode($value, true);
 
         if ($value !== null && !is_array($value)) {
           $results[$section][$key] = $value;
         }
       }
     }
   } catch (Exception $ex) {
     $trap->destroy();
     throw $ex;
   }
 
   $trap->destroy();
   return $results;
 }
 
 
 /**
  * Attempt to censor any plaintext credentials from a string.
  *
  * The major use case here is to censor usernames and passwords from command
  * output. For example, when `git fetch` fails, the output includes credentials
  * for authenticated HTTP remotes.
  *
  * @param   string  Some block of text.
  * @return  string  A similar block of text, but with credentials that could
  *                  be identified censored.
  */
 function phutil_censor_credentials($string) {
   return preg_replace(',(?<=://)([^/@\s]+)(?=@|$),', 'xxxxx', $string);
 }
 
 
 /**
  * Returns a parsable string representation of a variable.
  *
  * This function is intended to behave similarly to PHP's `var_export` function,
  * but the output is intended to follow our style conventions.
  *
  * @param  wild    The variable you want to export.
  * @return string
  */
 function phutil_var_export($var) {
   // `var_export(null, true)` returns `"NULL"` (in uppercase).
   if ($var === null) {
     return 'null';
   }
 
   // PHP's `var_export` doesn't format arrays very nicely. In particular:
   //
   //   - An empty array is split over two lines (`"array (\n)"`).
   //   - A space separates "array" and the first opening brace.
   //   - Non-associative arrays are returned as associative arrays with an
   //     integer key.
   //
   if (is_array($var)) {
     if (count($var) === 0) {
       return 'array()';
     }
 
     // Don't show keys for non-associative arrays.
     $show_keys = (array_keys($var) !== range(0, count($var) - 1));
 
     $output = array();
     $output[] = 'array(';
 
     foreach ($var as $key => $value) {
       // Adjust the indentation of the value.
       $value = str_replace("\n", "\n  ", phutil_var_export($value));
       $output[] = '  '.
         ($show_keys ? var_export($key, true).' => ' : '').
         $value.',';
     }
 
     $output[] = ')';
     return implode("\n", $output);
   }
 
   // Let PHP handle everything else.
   return var_export($var, true);
 }
 
 
 /**
  * An improved version of `fnmatch`.
  *
  * @param  string  A glob pattern.
  * @param  string  A path.
  * @return bool
  */
 function phutil_fnmatch($glob, $path) {
   // Modify the glob to allow `**/` to match files in the root directory.
   $glob = preg_replace('@(?:(?<!\\\\)\\*){2}/@', '{,*/,**/}', $glob);
 
   $escaping = false;
   $in_curlies = 0;
   $regex = '';
 
   for ($i = 0; $i < strlen($glob); $i++) {
     $char = $glob[$i];
     $next_char = ($i < strlen($glob) - 1) ? $glob[$i + 1] : null;
 
     $escape = array('$', '(', ')', '+', '.', '^', '|');
     $mapping = array();
 
     if ($escaping) {
       $escape[] = '*';
       $escape[] = '?';
       $escape[] = '{';
     } else {
       $mapping['*'] = $next_char === '*' ? '.*' : '[^/]*';
       $mapping['?'] = '[^/]';
       $mapping['{'] = '(';
 
       if ($in_curlies) {
         $mapping[','] = '|';
         $mapping['}'] = ')';
       }
     }
 
     if (in_array($char, $escape)) {
       $regex .= "\\{$char}";
     } else if ($replacement = idx($mapping, $char)) {
       $regex .= $replacement;
     } else if ($char === '\\') {
       if ($escaping) {
         $regex .= '\\\\';
       }
       $escaping = !$escaping;
       continue;
     } else {
       $regex .= $char;
     }
 
     if ($char === '{' && !$escaping) {
       $in_curlies++;
     } else if ($char === '}' && $in_curlies && !$escaping) {
       $in_curlies--;
     }
 
     $escaping = false;
   }
 
   if ($in_curlies || $escaping) {
     throw new InvalidArgumentException(pht('Invalid glob pattern.'));
   }
 
   $regex = '(\A'.$regex.'\z)';
   return (bool)preg_match($regex, $path);
 }
 
 
 /**
  * Compare two hashes for equality.
  *
  * This function defuses two attacks: timing attacks and type juggling attacks.
  *
  * In a timing attack, the attacker observes that strings which match the
  * secret take slightly longer to fail to match because more characters are
  * compared. By testing a large number of strings, they can learn the secret
  * character by character. This defuses timing attacks by always doing the
  * same amount of work.
  *
  * In a type juggling attack, an attacker takes advantage of PHP's type rules
  * where `"0" == "0e12345"` for any exponent. A portion of of hexadecimal
  * hashes match this pattern and are vulnerable. This defuses this attack by
  * performing bytewise character-by-character comparison.
  *
  * It is questionable how practical these attacks are, but they are possible
  * in theory and defusing them is straightforward.
  *
  * @param string First hash.
  * @param string Second hash.
  * @return bool True if hashes are identical.
  */
 function phutil_hashes_are_identical($u, $v) {
   if (!is_string($u)) {
     throw new Exception(pht('First hash argument must be a string.'));
   }
 
   if (!is_string($v)) {
     throw new Exception(pht('Second hash argument must be a string.'));
   }
 
   if (strlen($u) !== strlen($v)) {
     return false;
   }
 
   $len = strlen($v);
 
   $bits = 0;
   for ($ii = 0; $ii < $len; $ii++) {
     $bits |= (ord($u[$ii]) ^ ord($v[$ii]));
   }
 
   return ($bits === 0);
 }