diff --git a/src/__phutil_library_map__.php b/src/__phutil_library_map__.php
--- a/src/__phutil_library_map__.php
+++ b/src/__phutil_library_map__.php
@@ -123,6 +123,7 @@
     'ArcanistMercurialParserTestCase' => 'repository/parser/__tests__/ArcanistMercurialParserTestCase.php',
     'ArcanistMergeConflictLinter' => 'lint/linter/ArcanistMergeConflictLinter.php',
     'ArcanistMergeConflictLinterTestCase' => 'lint/linter/__tests__/ArcanistMergeConflictLinterTestCase.php',
+    'ArcanistMissingLinterException' => 'lint/linter/ArcanistMissingLinterException.php',
     'ArcanistNoEffectException' => 'exception/usage/ArcanistNoEffectException.php',
     'ArcanistNoEngineException' => 'exception/usage/ArcanistNoEngineException.php',
     'ArcanistNoLintLinter' => 'lint/linter/ArcanistNoLintLinter.php',
@@ -306,6 +307,7 @@
     'ArcanistMercurialParserTestCase' => 'ArcanistTestCase',
     'ArcanistMergeConflictLinter' => 'ArcanistLinter',
     'ArcanistMergeConflictLinterTestCase' => 'ArcanistArcanistLinterTestCase',
+    'ArcanistMissingLinterException' => 'ArcanistUsageException',
     'ArcanistNoEffectException' => 'ArcanistUsageException',
     'ArcanistNoEngineException' => 'ArcanistUsageException',
     'ArcanistNoLintLinter' => 'ArcanistLinter',
diff --git a/src/lint/linter/ArcanistExternalLinter.php b/src/lint/linter/ArcanistExternalLinter.php
--- a/src/lint/linter/ArcanistExternalLinter.php
+++ b/src/lint/linter/ArcanistExternalLinter.php
@@ -265,7 +265,7 @@
 
     if ($interpreter) {
       if (!Filesystem::binaryExists($interpreter)) {
-        throw new ArcanistUsageException(
+        throw new ArcanistMissingLinterException(
           pht(
             'Unable to locate interpreter "%s" to run linter %s. You may '.
             'need to install the interpreter, or adjust your linter '.
@@ -276,7 +276,7 @@
             $this->getInstallInstructions()));
       }
       if (!Filesystem::pathExists($binary)) {
-        throw new ArcanistUsageException(
+        throw new ArcanistMissingLinterException(
           pht(
             'Unable to locate script "%s" to run linter %s. You may need '.
             'to install the script, or adjust your linter configuration. '.
@@ -287,7 +287,7 @@
       }
     } else {
       if (!Filesystem::binaryExists($binary)) {
-        throw new ArcanistUsageException(
+        throw new ArcanistMissingLinterException(
           pht(
             'Unable to locate binary "%s" to run linter %s. You may need '.
             'to install the binary, or adjust your linter configuration. '.
diff --git a/src/lint/linter/ArcanistJSHintLinter.php b/src/lint/linter/ArcanistJSHintLinter.php
--- a/src/lint/linter/ArcanistJSHintLinter.php
+++ b/src/lint/linter/ArcanistJSHintLinter.php
@@ -148,7 +148,7 @@
 
     if (!is_array($errors)) {
       // Something went wrong and we can't decode the output. Exit abnormally.
-      throw new ArcanistUsageException(
+      throw new RuntimeException(
         "JSHint returned unparseable output.\n".
         "stdout:\n\n{$stdout}".
         "stderr:\n\n{$stderr}");
diff --git a/src/lint/linter/ArcanistMissingLinterException.php b/src/lint/linter/ArcanistMissingLinterException.php
new file mode 100644
--- /dev/null
+++ b/src/lint/linter/ArcanistMissingLinterException.php
@@ -0,0 +1,3 @@
+<?php
+
+final class ArcanistMissingLinterException extends ArcanistUsageException {}
diff --git a/src/lint/linter/ArcanistPyLintLinter.php b/src/lint/linter/ArcanistPyLintLinter.php
--- a/src/lint/linter/ArcanistPyLintLinter.php
+++ b/src/lint/linter/ArcanistPyLintLinter.php
@@ -108,7 +108,7 @@
 
       list($err) = exec_manual('which %s', $pylint_bin);
       if ($err) {
-        throw new ArcanistUsageException(
+        throw new ArcanistMissingLinterException(
           "PyLint does not appear to be installed on this system. Install it ".
           "(e.g., with 'sudo easy_install pylint') or configure ".
           "'lint.pylint.prefix' in your .arcconfig to point to the directory ".